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Timeline of = Brutality

A Brief = History of the=20 Assyrians in Iraq since 1900

1828 Treaty of Turkmanchai concludes Perso-Russian = War.=20 Whole Assyrian villages move north into Russian=20 territory.
1834 American Rev. Justin Perkins arrives in Urmia = to=20 begin work among Assyrians.
1842 Archbishop of Canterbury's mission to the = Church of=20 the East in Hakkari.
1847 Bedir Khan's Kurdish troops massacre Assyrians = in=20 Hakkari, especially the Tiyari.
1849 First newspaper in Iran, the Assyrian language = Zahrira d=92Bahra.
June 1895 Massacre of Assyrians in Ottoman (Turkish) = towns and=20 villages.
1898 Russian mission arrives in Urmia, = Iran.
12 April 1903 Mar Benyamin Shimmun is consecrated as the = 117th=20 Patriarch of the Church of the East.
1908 The Ottoman government declares Turkish as the = only=20 language allowed in schools.
1909 Germans and British officials discuss control = of the=20 Baghdad Railroad.
1911 Russian troops enter northwest Iran.
1914 British forces in Basra move to protect oil=20 pipelines in Iran from Ottoman/German = capture.
June 1914 World War I begins.
30 October 1914 Bashkala massacre of 50 Gawarnai Assyrians by = Muslim=20 mob.
4 November 1914 Fatwa for Jihad declared in Istanbul against=20 Christians.
March 1915 Turks arrest Mar Shimmun=92s brother, Hormiz, = who was=20 then murdered.
April 1915 Year of the Sword/Sypa/Sayfo. Order from the=20 Committee on Union and Progress to rid eastern = Turkey of=20 Christians. Ottoman Assyrians flee to = Russia,Iran,=20 Aleppo and Jerusalem in wake of the genocide. = Local=20 Muslims attack and kill Bishop Mar Dinkha and 60 = men in=20 Golpashan. 700,000 Assyrians, 1.5 Million = Armenians,=20 & 300,000 Pontic Greeks perish between 1915 = and=20 1919.
1916 The Sykes-Picot Agreement between Britain, = France,=20 and Russia to divide Ottoman Empire after WWI. = Hussain=20 is proclaimed king of Arabs.
1917 Russian revolution leads to dissolution of = Russian=20 military in Iran.
1918 Enver Pasha's troops enter Iran as all = Assyrians=20 join to defend themselves. Combined local Muslim = &=20 Turkish troops capture Urmia.
16 March 1918 Kurdish chief, Simko, assassinates Mar = Benyamin=20 Shimmun in Salamas, Iran. Pillage of Assyrian = villages=20 in Iran and attempt to cleanse area of = Christians=20 begins. British truck fleeing Assyrians to = refugee=20 camps.
15 April 1918 Mar Polous Shimmun is consecrated as the 118th = Patriarch of the Church of the East in Urmia,=20 Iran.
October 1918 Ottoman Empire disintegrates.
1919 Treaty of Sevres to end WWI between Allies and = Turkey. League of Nations is formed. British use = Assyrian refugees to enforce occupation of = Mesopotamia.=20 Assyrians denied representation at Paris Peace=20 Conference due to British. Under French = protection, the=20 Assyrian Protectorate in Jazirah (Khabour area = of Syria)=20 forms under Malik Kambar d-Malik Warda of = Jelu.
1920 Mar Polous Shimmun passes away in the Bakuba = refugee=20 camp in Iraq.
10 June 1920 Treaty of Sevres is signed by Turkey. Provides = for=20 Kurds, Arabs, Armenians but not Assyrians. = Formation of=20 Mesopotamia as British mandate. Assyrians return = to=20 Hakkari but accept draft into British Levies to = guard=20 Mosul from Turks on promise of = homeland.
20 June 1920
Mar Shimmun Ishaya, 13, is consecrated as = the=20 119th Patriarch of the Church of the = East.
24 July 1920
French forces occupy Damascus. The French=20 Mandate over Syria begins.
10 August 1920 Treaty of Sevres: France receives Syrian = Mandate=20 & Britain receives Palestine = Mandate.
1921 Patriarchal family with British refuse = French-backed=20 offer to move Assyrians to Jazira, Syria. = British use=20 Assyrian Levies to guard Kirkuk oil fields. = Kurdish=20 Iraqi revolt under Sheikh Mahmud.
27 August 1921 The British install Faisal as king of Iraq. =
1923 Mesopotamia officially becomes "Iraq". Treaty = of=20 Lausanne leaves Mosul issue for League of = Nations to=20 settle.
1924 League of Nations assigns most of oil rich = Mosul=20 velayat to Iraq.
1925 Kurdish uprising against Mustafa Kemal = Ataturk. The=20 constitution of 1925 guarantees all minorities = in Iraq=20 equality before the law, including civil and = political=20 rights, and rights to practice their language = and=20 religion.
1926 Turkey agrees to Mosul award after initial=20 protest.
1927 British agree to Iraq membership in League of=20 Nations in 5 years (1932).
1932 Assyrian Levies resign en masse as homeland is = denied Patriarch at Geneva to state Assyrian = case before=20 the Permanent Mandates Commission. Baghdad does = not=20 allow him to return. Iraq admitted into the = League of=20 Nations on condition of guarantees for the = protection of=20 minorities.
30 May 1932 Iraq is declared a kingdom.
3 October 1932 Iraq is admitted to the League of = Nations.
20 June 1933 Iraqi government expels Mar Shimmun Ishaya to=20 Cyprus.
4-11 August 1933 The Massacre at Simel: General Bakr Sidqi, = against=20 the wishes of Faisal, massacres over 3,000 = Assyrians in=20 North Iraq.
8 September 1933 King Faisal dies. His son Ghazi supports = army=92s=20 action against Assyrians.
1935 League of Nations decides to settle Assyrians = in=20 Ghab region of Syria.
11 August 1937 Bakr Sidqi is assassinated by army = officers.
1939 World War II begins.
1940 At start of WWII Britain musters able bodied=20 Assyrians into Levies.
1941
Habbaniya Assyrians give Allies first = victory in=20 WWII.
June 1941 180 Jews, including women and children, are=20 massacred in Baghdad.
1942 Assyrian area of Jazira incorporated into=20 Syria.
7 May 1945 Mar Shimmun Ishaya presents =93The Assyrian = National=20 Petition=94 at the World Security Conference in = San=20 Francisco.
1946 Patriarch protests to United Nations the lack = of=20 protection in Iran. 70 Assyrian villages = pillaged in=20 Iraq.
1955 The Assyrian Levy troops in Iraq are = dismantled and=20 released from duty unconditionally. Only a very = few=20 pro-Iraqi government Assyrians are given the = opportunity=20 to transfer to the Iraqi army.
1957 The Assyrian Democratic Organization (Takasta) = is=20 founded in Syria.
1958 Republic replaces Iraqi monarchy. Renewed = promise of=20 minority rights for Assyrians.
1 July 1958 =93Free Officers=94 overthrow the monarchy in = a coup.=20 Brigadier Qassem takes control as prime minister = and=20 commander in chief.
24 July 1958 Michel Aflaq, a Christian thinker and founder = of the=20 Baath Party, arrives in Baghdad from = Syria.
September 1961 The Iraqi army launches attacks against the = Kurds=20 and Assyrians in the north.
1963 First = Baathist=20 military coup.
8 February 1963 Baathists overthrow Qassim and the first = Baathist=20 regime is installed. Aref becomes = president.
1964 The Iraqi government favors the breakup of the = Church of the East. The =93Ancient=94 Church of = the East is=20 headed by a new patriarch installed in = Baghdad.
June 1967 The Six-Day War.
1967 The Assyrian Universal Alliance is founded in=20 Tehran, Iran.
10 April 1968 The first congress of the AUA held in Pau,=20 France.
17 July 1968 Aref=92s regime is defeated and a new Baathist = regime=20 takes control under al-Bakr. Saddam Hussein = becomes=20 deputy chairman of the Revolutionary Command=20 Council.
1970 Depopulation, deportation, and arabization of=20 Assyrians. Mar Shimmun Ishaya, Patriarch of the = church=20 of the East, is invited to Baghdad in move to = recruit=20 Assyrians against Kurds.
11 March 1970 Fighting between the Iraqi army and the Kurds = stops=20 after a Manifesto on Kurdish Autonomy is = published. A=20 new constitution recognizes the cultural rights = of the=20 Christians minorities in Iraq. No political = rights are=20 recognized.
24 April 1970 Mar Shimmun Ishaya visits the Iraqi president = in=20 Baghdad.
1972 Assyrians petition for autonomous region in = Dohuk=20 (Nohadra) Province when Baghdad grants Kurds = option of=20 autonomy in Arbil and Sulaimaniya.
16 April 1972 Baghdad offers "Syriac speaking" not = "Assyrians"=20 limited cultural rights. Decree #251 grants the=20 =93Assyrian, Chaldean, and Syrian=94 groups the = right to=20 teach their own language at school provided that = 25=20 percent of the children in a class are = Christian.
March 1974 All-out war between the Iraqi army and the = Kurds in=20 the North begins. The Shah of Iran begins = support of the=20 Kurdish insurgents.
1974 The Baath regime nationalizes all schools in = Iraq,=20 including the Catholic schools. Priests and nuns = are=20 forced to swear the oath of allegiance to the=20 regime.
1974 The Bet Nahrain organization is established in = California.
6 March 1975 The Algiers Agreement: Iraq accepts Iran=92s=20 territorial demands and in return Iran stops his = support=20 for the Kurds. The Kurdish resistance fails as = the lines=20 of supply are cut off.
6 November 1975 Mar Shimmun, Patriarch of the Church of the = East, is=20 assassinated in San Jose, California.
17 October 1976 Mar Dinkha IV is consecrated as the 120th = Patriarch=20 of the Church of the East in London.
1976-77 Over 200 Assyrian villages are razed in = northern=20 Iraq by government.
1977 "Assyrian" omitted from the Iraqi census. =
1978 Special secret instructions issued to prevent=20 departure of Assyrians.
19 October 1978 Iraqi government orders the imprisonment of = the=20 Assyrian singers and songwriters. This continues = until=20 10 November 1978. The artists were beaten and = tortured=20 while in prison. Among these were Mr. David = Easha, Mr.=20 Sammy Yaqu, and Mr. Albert Oscar.
1979 Churches destroyed deliberately to remove = Assyrian=20 heritage. In an attempt to divide Assyrians, = Baghdad=20 disperses millions to churches.
16 January 1979 The Shah leaves Iran.
February 1979 The Islamic Revolution ends the Pahlavi = Dynasty in=20 Iran.
12 April 1979 The Assyrian Democratic Movement (Zowaa) is = founded=20 in Iraq.
June 1979 Saddam Hussein becomes president of Iraq. = Al-Bakr is=20 placed under house arrest.
August 1979 Up to 500 top Baathi officials are = executed.
22 September 1980
Saddam Hussein launches war against = Iran.
1981 The Iraqi government adopts measures to = nationalize=20 the properties of the Christian churches and = convert the=20 priests into state employees. The government = eventually=20 backs down. Deterioration of Assyrian schools, = church=20 and culture.
1982 Iran-Iraq war sees many Assyrian men drafted = and=20 dead in front lines.
1984
The National Assembly (Iraqi Parliament)=20 includes only 4 Christians among 250 = members.
Late 1984 Dozens of Assyrian nationalists and members of = the=20 Assyrian Democratic Movement (Zowaa) are = imprisoned and=20 tortured by the Iraqi authorities.
1985 Members of Assyrian political parties are = hunted,=20 executed, or disappear.
3 February 1985 Three members of the Assyrian Democratic = Movement=20 are hanged in Baghdad without trial: Yousip Toma = Hermis,=20 Youbert Benyamin Shlimon & Youkhana Esho = Jajo.=20 Sixteen other ADM members have been murdered=20 since.
April 1987 Iraqi troops burn and bulldoze homes in the = Assyrian=20 village of Bakhtoma.
August 1988 The Iran-Iraq War ends. Government=92s = official death=20 toll of the Assyrians from the Iraqi side: = 4,250.=20 Assyrian count: 44,000.
24 September 1988 Iraqi troops commence the Anfal Campaign = against the=20 Assyrian and Kurdish populations in North Iraq. = Some 250=20 Christians disappeared during Anfal and its = immediate=20 aftermath.
1988-89 Archeological excavations unearth tombs of = royal=20 Assyrian women and gold objects 1991 Gulf War to = liberate Kuwait from Iraqi invasion. In Northern = No-Fly=20 Zone, Kurds implement policies to displace = Assyrian=20 villagers. 52 Assyrian villages seized by Kurds. = Kurds=20 begin to identify Assyrians as "Christian = Kurds".
1990 The Iraqi government survey indicates that 20=20 percent of the teachers in schools and = universities are=20 Christian.
August 1990 Iraqi forces attack Kuwait. The United Nations = call=20 for Iraq to withdraw.
17 January 1991 Persian Gulf War I: A U.S.-led coalition of 39 = countries begins bombing of Iraq.
1991 During the rebellion in Basra the Christian = quarters=20 are attacked. Baathi government begins massive=20 deportation of Arabs to the Kurdish-controlled = areas,=20 particularly the oil city of Kirkuk. North Iraq = becomes=20 a de facto autonomous zone under United Nations=20 protection. Assyrian schools and media are = established=20 and the villages are reconstructed.
6 April 1991
Iraq agrees to a formal = cease-fire.
1992 Elections held for Parliament of North Iraq = but=20 warlordism prevails.
1992 A group of Assyrian intellectuals warn about = the=20 =93Kurdification=94 of the other ethnic = minorities in North=20 Iraq. In Dohuk, Nachir Barazani =96 a KDP leader = =96=20 confiscates a great number of fertile Assyrian = lands by=20 intimidation and terrorizing the = land-owners.
May 1992 Mr. Francis Yusuf Shabo, a Chaldean-Assyrian, = and=20 four other Assyrians are elected to the = 105-member=20 Kurdish parliament in North Iraq.
1993 Policy of intimidation of Assyrians in North = Iraq.=20 Islamic Movement of Kurdistan assassination = squad=20 targets Assyrians. Abduction of Assyrian girls = by Kurds=20 becomes part of terrorizing policy.
31 May 1993 Mr. Francis Shabo is gunned down at his home = in=20 Dohuk (Nohadra). No suspects have since been=20 apprehended.
14 June 1993 Mr. Lazar Mikho (Abu Nasir), an Assyrian from=20 Mangesh and a member of the ICP Central = Committee and=20 Iraqi Kurdistan Front=92s Finance Committee is = shot by=20 armed assailants at his home in Dohuk (Nohadra). = No=20 substantial investigation has been carried out = to=20 date.
1994 Common Christological Declaration between the = Church=20 of the East and the Roman Catholic = Church.
February 1995 Amnesty International lists sixteen Assyrian = victims=20 of political assassinations in northern = Iraq.
6 March 1995 Mr. Edward Khoshaba of Aqla is tied up by = Kurdish=20 attackers and butchered into several pieces. = None of his=20 murderers have been brought to = justice.
July 1995 Growth of Islamic extremists and terrorizing = of=20 Assyrians.
1996 Attempt to Kurdify school curricula in = northern Iraq=20 harms Assyrians. Violence against Christian = religious=20 structures increases.
January 1996 The Shrine of Mar Sbar Odisho in the courtyard = of=20 Mar Gewargis is desecrated in Dohuk.
13 January 1996 Wasan Mishael, a 16-year-old Assyrian girl, is = kidnapped at gun-point from her home. She is = forced to=20 denounce her religion and marry one of her=20 kidnappers.
20 January 1996 Janet Oshana, a 13-year-old Assyrian from the=20 village of Mulla-Urab near Zakho by the Kurdish = man=20 named Khorshid Othman Kalash. The young girl has = yet not=20 been returned to the custody of her = parents.
28 September 1996 Armed PKK members abduct 15-year old Ahlam = Patrus=20 Nissan from her village. The Assyrian girl was = carried=20 off and never allowed to speak to anyone = afterwards. As=20 with other kidnapping incidences, Ahlam was = forced to=20 convert to Islam and marry her = kidnapper.
October 1996 Six Assyrians from Baghdad, employed at the=20 Presidential Palace of Saddam Hussein, are = arrested on=20 suspicion of attempt to poison Saddam Hussein. = They are:=20 Gewargis Hormiz Oraha, Yousip Adam, Khamo Amira, = Kora=20 Odisho, Shimon Khoshaba al-Hozi, Petros Elia = Toma, and=20 William Matti Barkho.
1997 In Baghdad Assyrians are targeted for rape,=20 abduction and murder. Violence against Assyrians = in=20 North & Baghdad goes unpunished.
10 February 1997 Mr. Lazar Matti and his son, Mr. Havel Lazar = are=20 dragged out of prison by a vigilante group of = 200 armed=20 Kurds and brutally killed in Shaqlawa. Mr. = Mati=92s=20 daughter was forcibly kidnapped by a Kurd named = Mohammad=20 Babakir. The Kurdish kidnapper was found dead a = day=20 before the killing of Mr. Matti and his son. A = Kurdish=20 mullah had demanded the savage killing of the=20 =93Christian=94 and the burning of his home. The = killing was=20 later condemned by the Kurdistan Democratic = Party=20 leader, Massoud Barazani.
23 February 1997 The KDP announces that Mr. Francis Hariri = survived=20 an assassination attempt during his trip to the=20 provincial headquarters in Arbil. Mr. Francis = Hariri is=20 an Assyrian from northern Iraq and the governor = of the=20 province of Abril. Two of his bodyguards as well = as five=20 civilian bystanders were reportedly wounded. The = KDP=20 accuses Mr. Kosrat Rasool, allegedly a PUK = political=20 officer.
March 1997 Amnesty International writes to the Iraqi = government=20 seeking the whereabouts of 6 Assyrians arrested = in=20 October 1996.
12 April 1997 Yousif John Yacoub, 35, is brutally stabbed to = death=20 in his home in Baghdad, Iraq. Mr. Yacoub=92s = neighbors=20 witness the attack and notify the police, who = arrive=20 prior to Mr. Yacoub=92s death. The police keep = Mr. Yacoub=20 in his home for questioning while he bleeds = until his=20 death. Mr. Yacoub=92s relatives hear about the = incident=20 one day later and arrive at his home only to = find out=20 that the police has ransacked the place and = removed=20 valuables or evidence. Two weeks later, Mr. = Ammed=20 Shurta, a high ranking police officer and member = of the=20 ruling Ba=92ath party, along with his wife and = children,=20 occupy Mr. Yacoub=92s house.
23 May 1997 Kamal Kiriakos Ablahad, an Assyrian employed = at the=20 residence of Jamal Al-Tikriti, the son-in-law of = Saddam=20 Hussein, is shot. Mr. Ablahad=92s kidneys are = removed for=20 organ transplantation in the hospital. The = medical=20 examiner=92s report declares the death a = suicide.
June 1997 Uday, the son of Saddam Hussein, shoots and = kills=20 Asil Salman Mansour. The Assyrian girl is last = seen=20 walking home when she was stopped by a = =93presidential=94=20 vehicle and was forced into the vehicle by = Uday=92s=20 bodyguards. Ms. Mansour was taken to the = Presidential=20 Complex at Al Jadiriya where Uday tries to have = sex with=20 the girl but fails. In a subsequent fit of rage, = he=20 shoots and kills the girl.
27 July 1997 A sixty-two-year old Assyrian member of the = Chaldean=20 Catholic Church, Polus Younan, is stabbed to = death in=20 his house by three armed men who demand = information=20 regarding the family=92s money and savings. His = wife,=20 Medina Shinoel, survives the attack and reports = her=20 account to the police. The attackers strike Ms. = Shinoel=20 with the butt end of their rifles until most of = her=20 teeth are broken. Then they slash Ms. = Shinoel=92s=20 16-year-old son, deaf and mute Mattai, until he = begins=20 to slowly lose consciousness.
13 December 1997 Fighters from the Kurdistan Worker=92s Party = (PKK)=20 ambush seven unarmed Assyrian civilians from = Mangesh,=20 Duhok. Those killed include Slewo Khoshaba, = Samir Esho,=20 Majid Shimon, Akhran Hermiz, Salem Yousif, Najid = Mikho,=20 Wardia Yousif.
February 1998 Two members of the Assyrian community, Lazar = Mati=20 and his son Havel Lazar, are deliberately killed = by a=20 group of armed men, who storm the KDP-controlled = Asayish=20 Prison in Shaqlawa where the two men had been = detained.=20 No investigation is known to have been carried = out into=20 the killings.
December 1998 An explosion targets an Assyrian convent in = the Al=20 Mal=92ab district of Arbil.
9 December 1998 Mrs. Nasreen Hana Shaba, born in 1963, and her = young=20 daughter Larsa born in 1995 are killed when a = bomb=20 explodes in their home. The bomb is planted by = unknown=20 assailants in the home of Mr. Najat Toma, = located in the=20 district of Terawa in Arbil. No one claims=20 responsibility for this act of terrorism against = the=20 Assyrian community of northern Iraq.
6 January 1999 A bomb is planted at the front doorsteps of = Fr.=20 Zomaya Yousip in the 7th of Nisan area of Arbil. = No=20 casualties are reported but the home sustains = extensive=20 damage.
June 1999 The body of Ms. Helena Aloun Sawa, a 21- year = old=20 Assyrian woman from the village of Bash in the = Nerwa of=20 Rakan region of Dohuk province, is found by a = shepherd.=20 The decomposed body is partially exposed and = appears to=20 have been partially eaten by scavenging wild = animals.=20 Ms. Sawa is the daughter of Mr. Aloun Sawa, an = Assyrian=20 member of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), = who had=20 been killed in 1991 by Iraqi government forces = and was=20 recognized by the KDP as a martyr. Helena Sawa = worked as=20 a housekeeper for a senior KDP leader. She = disappeared=20 on May 5, 1999 and her body was found more than = four=20 weeks later.
15 July 1999 Three Assyrian political parties declare joint = statement of unity: Assyrian Democratic = Movement,=20 Assyrian Democratic Organization, and the = Assyrian=20 Universal Alliance.
25 November 1999 In a warning published in the Kurdistan = Observer,=20 the Iraqi Minister of Education threatens to = punish=20 those Assyrians who establish and attend the = Assyrian=20 language schools established in northern Iraq = following=20 the Gulf War.
15 December 1999 Mr. Habib Yousif Dekhola, a 16-old Assyrian = man of=20 the Chaldean Church and a lifelong resident of = Ankawa,=20 is assassinated in Arbil.
August 2000 The Iraqi Directorate General of Intelligence=20 summons several Assyrians including = intellectuals,=20 clerics, and activists, for interrogation in = Mosul and=20 Baghdad. Security agents interrogates the = Assyrians=20 regarding Bet Nahrain Magazine, a California = based=20 Assyrian cultural journal.
18 February 2001 The Assyrian governor of the northern Iraqi = province=20 of Arbil, Mr. Franso Hariri is assassinated in = Arbil.=20
2001 Continued imprisonment, torture, and murders = of=20 Assyrian landowners in KDP area. Murder of = Chaldean=20 priest in Baghdad.
17 May 2001 Behdanani villagers and security forces from = Ozman=20 and Naveshga surround and attack the Assyrian = village of=20 Koso. There are reports of severe beatings = requiring=20 hospitalization.
2002 Beheading of Sister = Cecelia,=20 Chaldean nun, in Baghdad. "Accidental" auto = death of=20 retired Bishop and nun. Threatening leaflets = into=20 Christian homes in Baghdad. Assyrian = representative=20 accepted into future of Iraq planning after much = pressure from Diaspora.
April 2002 The Oil Company of the North in the city of = Kirkuk=20 forbids its Assyrian employees the use of the = Assyrian=20 language and requires the use of Arabic. = Officials in=20 the company threaten to fire, or reassign those = who=20 refuse.
15 August 2002 Seventy-one-year old Sister Cecilia Moshi = Hanna is=20 brutally attacked by three armed assailants and=20 repeatedly stabbed to death in her room in the = Sacred=20 Heart of Jesus Monastery in Baghdad, Iraq. Sr. = Cecilia=20 Moshi Hanna was a member of the Order of the = Sacred=20 Heart of Jesus and had devoted her life to = ministering=20 to the poor and ill.
18 September 2002 The Assyrian Democratic Movement joins the = Iraqi=20 Opposition Groups in New York.
9 December 2002 The Assyrian Democratic Movement becomes = eligible to=20 receive assistance under the Presidential = Determination=20 No. 2003-05.
16 December 2002 All major Assyrian political parties in a show = of=20 unity meet at the London Conference of the Iraqi = Opposition Groups. Mr. Yonadam Kanna of ADM and = Mr.=20 Albert Yelda are selected as the Assyrian = delegates in=20 the 65-member Followup Committee to meet in = January=20 2003.
2003 Massoud Barazani's Kurdistan Democratic Party=20 creates a puppet Chaldean party to split=20 Assyrians.
26 February 2003 The Follow-up & Coordination Committee = meets in=20 Salahadin, North Iraq. Members oppose a U.S.-led = military government after Saddam.
18 March 2003 Ankara Declaration: The ADM & 7 other = Iraqi=20 Opposition Groups meet in Ankara, Turkey and = agree to=20 put their forces under a U.S.-led command in the = event=20 of war with Iraq.
19 March 2003 Persian Gulf War II: A U.S. & U.K. led = coalition=20 of 35 countries begins bombing of = Iraq.
9 April 2003 Baghdad falls. U.S. Administration declared = end of=20 Saddam Hussein=92s=20 = regime.
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