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 Z I N D = A  M A G A Z I N E
Shvadt  5,=20 = 6750           &nb= sp;        =20 Volume=20 = VI            = ;         =20 Issue=20 = 38            = ;=20 February 5, = 2001
Advertiseme= nt=20 Info           = Contact=20 Us           Archives =
To receive our weekly notification message or this issue = in text=20 format write to z_info@zindamagazine.com.
 =20

T H I S   W E E = K   I=20 N   Z I N D A=20
 

THIS WEEK'S ISSUE IS = DEDICATED TO THE=20 MEMORY OF RABBIE MARONA ARSANIS WHO PASSED AWAY LAST WEEK IN MOSCOW,=20 RUSSIA.
The=20 Lighthouse Valentine's Day, Christian = Style
Good=20 Morning Bet-Nahrain Northern Watch - News from Northern Iraq=20
Chaldean Bishop Reflects on "Hopeless = Situation"=20
Pope to Visit Iraq in Summer
Rare Copy of Old Testament Seized by Iraqi = Customs=20
US Amb. Compares Genocide to UFO = Siting
News=20 Digest Archeologists Work to Save Nestorian Monument in = China
Abraham Linked to Lebanon's Fares = Family
Surfs=20 Up! "Islam spread in the land of = Atour"
Surfers=20 Corner Hugoye - January 2001
Assyrian-Iraqi Refugees Reflect on Gulf = War
Reflections=20 on Assyria The Sins of Commission and = Omission
Literatus Coming From Assyria
Milestones Rabbie Marona Arsanis (b. 1918)
Professor Oliver Gurney (b. 1911)
Zaia=20 Zaitona (b. 1911)
Emmanuel Youkhana (b. = 1941)
Assyrian=20 Surfing Posts Sargon Boulus
Concordance to=20 Syriac New Testament
Pump=20 Up the Volume Good & Evil
Back=20 to the Future Minasheh of Judah & the Dakil Isue=20 Massacre
This=20 Week in History Israel Ronald Yonan
Calendar=20 of Events February = 2001

All blue=20 links throughout this issue are hyperlinks to other sections on this = page or=20 featured websites.

 =20

THE = LIGHTHOUSE=20
 

VALENTINE'S DAY, CHRISTIAN=20 STYLE

The Feast of St. Valentine was always considered a = Christian=20 religious holiday. Our forefathers would be shocked at the use of = cupids, as=20 they were characters from pagan mythology. They would also be offended = at the=20 secularization of this holiday by the substitution of erotic love at the = expense=20 of the agape-type love reflected in this remembrance. Historically, this = holiday=20 was a day Christians remembered and celebrated in faith. It reflected = upon the=20 faithful example of a Christian martyr named Valentine who died for his=20 faith.=20

=93Be My Valentine,=94 is one of many phrases = conjuring up=20 different thoughts associated with the celebration of Valentine's Day.=20 Exchanging cards with hearts and little poems, candy and flowers given = to=20 express erotic affection, and images of cupids flying while shooting = arrows of=20 love into unsuspecting youths. Today, young and old alike celebrate = Valentine's=20 Day to express their affection for those they love. February 14th for = many just=20 means cards, candy, flowers, and cupids. Not for Christians.=20

According to church tradition, St. Valentine was a = Roman=20 nobleman and priest near Rome in about the year 207 A.D. At that time = the Roman=20 Emperor was imprisoning, torturing, and killing Christians for not = worshipping=20 Roman gods. Being a Christian was illegal and subject to death or = imprisonment.=20 Valentine was arrested during this persecution. Some say he was arrested = because=20 he was performing Christian marriages, while others say it was for = helping=20 Christians escape prison and death. Tradition has it that Valentine = passed=20 messages to fellow imprisoned Christians with comforting words from = Scripture.=20 These messages were smuggled to prisoners with red-colored heart-shaped=20 parchments verifying the authenticity that each message truly was from=20 Valentine.=20

During Valentine's trial, they asked him what he = thought of the=20 Roman gods Jupiter and Mercury. Valentine told them they were false gods = and=20 there was only one true God. He told them of his faith in Jesus Christ. = So the=20 Romans threw him in prison because his witness contradicted their = beliefs and=20 insulted their gods. While imprisoned, Valentine continued to minister = to those=20 with whom he had contact, including the guards. One of the jailers was a = man who=20 had adopted a blind girl. Valentine prayed to God and the girl was given = her=20 sight. The guard and his whole family of about 46 people then believed = in Jesus=20 and were baptized. Because these people had come to believe in Jesus, = Valentine=20 praised God openly in his prison, and later died as a = martyr.=20

Valentine knew the consequences of his Christian = activities. He=20 knew that if he told the court the truth about Roman gods he would be = thrown in=20 prison. He knew that if he continued to witness Christ in prison he = would anger=20 his captors. Yet he continued, because he loved the Lord with all his = heart, and=20 loved his neighbor as himself. He was willing to risk his life to free = Christian=20 prisoners and spread the good news of Jesus Christ to any who needed to = hear=20 it.=20

Rev. Nenos = Michael
Assyrian Church of the = East
Mar Narsai Parish =
San Francisco=20

Rev. Michael's article appears in the February = 2001 issue=20 of "The LIGHT", the church bulletin of Mar Narsai Parish in San=20 Francisco.
=20
 =20

GOOD MORNING=20 BET-NAHRAIN =
 

NORTHERN=20 WATCH
Zinda News From Northern=20 Iraq
January=20

  1:    A new issue of the monthly "Bahra" = magazine is=20 published in Arbil in Arabic and Assyrian by the Assyrian Democratic=20 Movement.  The Assyrian National Party publishes a new issue of = "Quyamin"=20 monthly newsletter in Arabic on this day in Dohuk also. =
18:  = Assyrian=20 Democratic Movement Secretary-General attends a meeting of political = parties in=20 Salah-al-Din.
22:  A Kurdish delegation in Dohuk visits branch-2 of = Assyrian=20 Democratic Movement.
27:  A bomb explodes = at the house=20 of Rafael Dawud Hilo in the Shorish District in the city of Arbil.  = Mr.=20 Hilo's wife is a teacher at the Assyrian school in Arbil.=20
NA:  In a=20 decision by the Iraqi Kurdistan regional parliament, a General = Directorate for=20 Assyrian Education is appointed.

CHALDEAN BISHOP = REFLECTS ON =20 "HOPELESS SITUATION" UNDER SANCTIONS

Courtesy of St. Louis "The Post Dispatch"; = article by=20 Deborah L. Shelton; 5 February 2001=20

(ZNDA:  St. Louis)  Archbishop Mar Jabrail = Kassab of=20 Iraq, in his first visit to the St. Louis area, painted a bleak picture = Sunday=20 of life in his country after a decade of economic sanctions.=20

Kassab is the archbishop of Basra for the Chaldean = Catholic=20 Church, which is associated with the Roman Catholic Church. In an = interview at=20 St. Francis Xavier College Church, Kassab described a country beset with = economic hardship, social breakdown and general = hopelessness.=20

Three-quarters of Iraqi adults are unemployed, and as = many as=20 5,000 children under age 5 die every month from malnutrition and = diseases that=20 go untreated because of chronic shortages of basic medicines, he=20 said.=20

"There is minimal access to food and minimal access = to=20 medicine," Kassab said, speaking through an interpreter. "Young people = are=20 living in a hopeless situation."=20

The Iraqi archbishop was in town to participate in a = six-day=20 conference on the 10th anniversary of the Gulf War and the beginning of = the=20 United Nations' economic sanctions against Iraq. Although it was the=20 archbishop's first trip to St. Louis, it was his 29th visit to the = United=20 States, where he has been campaigning to lift economic sanctions against = his=20 country.=20

The U.N. embargo prohibits the sale of a range of = products,=20 including pharmaceutical equipment, insecticides, education supplies and = chlorine to disinfect water. The sanctions were imposed in 1990 to force = Iraq to=20 admit international weapons inspectors.=20

Some people at the conference asserted that the = embargo has=20 remained in place in an attempt to heighten political tensions that = could lead=20 to the ouster of dictator Saddam Hussein.=20

But "economic pressure has not translated into = revolution,"=20 said Hans-Christof von Sponeck, former U.N. assistant secretary-general, = who=20 also attended the conference. "Saddam Hussein's life is fairly=20 normal."=20

For 17 months, von Sponeck headed the U.N.'s = oil-for-food=20 program, which allows for the sale of up to $5.6 billion of Iraqi oil = every six=20 months in exchange for food and medicine. But he quit last year because, = he=20 said, the program was a total failure.=20

"Wherever you look socially, sanctions have brought = about a=20 very destructive reality," he said.=20

"We must see the Iraqis disarm, but economic = sanctions should=20 not be linked to disarmament."=20

Kassab's message was taken to heart by some of the=20 approximately 1,000 people who heard him speak at Sunday Mass at St. = Francis=20 Xavier, 3628 Lindell Boulevard.=20

"He asked us to be a voice for suffering people," = said Jim=20 Fears, a retired teacher from Kirkwood. "And I'm very sympathetic. The = American=20 government is trying to force the Iraqi people to revolt, but it's poor = people=20 who are paying the price."=20

Jane Mix of suburban Glendale said: "This was the = first time=20 I've heard the (Iraqi) situation described in human terms."=20

Kassab was ordained a priest in 1961 and named = archbishop of=20 southern Iraq by Pope John Paul II in 1995. About 1 million of the = country's 21=20 million people are Christian, most of them = Chaldean-Catholic.=20

The St. Louis University Mission and Ministry is = sponsoring the=20 conference, which continues through today at the university.

POPE TO VISIT IRAQ IN=20 SUMMER

Courtesy of Sunday Times-London, 21 January=20 2001=20

(ZNDA:  London)  The = Pope plans=20 to visit Iraq by the summer despite opposition from Britain and the = United=20 States, which fear he will hand a propaganda coup to Saddam = Hussein.  Last=20 week Vatican sources said a team would soon begin preparing Pope John = Paul II's=20 pilgrimage to the birthplace of Abraham in the ancient town of Ur, near = the=20 southern city of Basra.=20

The visit was called off a year = ago, when=20 Baghdad said "abnormal conditions" made it impossible. Iraq blamed the = United=20 Nations embargo and British and American air attacks, but there was also = resistance within Saddam's regime to the visit.=20

That resistance has weakened in = recent=20 months as Iraq has attracted some international support for an end to=20 sanctions.=20

Officials in Baghdad are = thought to accept=20 that the Pope's presence could help their case against the=20 embargo.=20

A British diplomatic source = said airstrikes=20 in southern Iraq's no- fly zone would be suspended for a papal visit to = Ur, but=20 warned that any meeting with Saddam would be manipulated by the = dictator. "The=20 visit is completely inappropriate because Saddam is sure to exploit it=20 politically," said the source.=20

Last week the 80-year-old Pope, = who=20 condemned the 1991 Gulf war and has criticized subsequent UN sanctions, = named a=20 new nuncio, or papal envoy, to Baghdad. In a sign of warming relations = with=20 Iraq, he also approved the election of four bishops of the Chaldean = Catholic=20 community in the capital.=20

He is expected to fly to = Baghdad and travel=20 from there by helicopter to Ur.=20

Although Vatican officials = insist there is=20 no guarantee that the Pope would meet Saddam in Iraq, protocol dictates = that he=20 should do so - and he has rarely visited a country without meeting its = head of=20 state.=20


RARE COPY OF OLD TESTAMENT = SEIZED BY=20 IRAQI CUSTOMS

Courtesy of Agence France-Presse; 6 February=20 2001=20

(ZNDA:  Baghdad)  = Iraqi customs=20 have arrested a man for attempting to smuggle out of northern Iraq a = rare copy=20 of the Old Testament written on gazelle skin and worth 100,000=20 dollars.=20

The smuggler, whose nationality = was not=20 revealed, was also in possession of several other archaeological pieces = when=20 arrested in a customs sting operation in Mosul 400 kilometres (250 = miles) north=20 of Baghdad, the weekly Nabdh al-Shabab said.=20

Iraq imposes a maximum penalty = of death for=20 smuggling in antiquities. Ten smugglers were executed in Mosul in early = 1998 for=20 chopping off the head of a winged bull dating back to the Assyrian=20 era.=20

On November 12, Iraqi customs = said they=20 foiled an operation to illegally export 570 rare = pieces.=20

Northern Bet-Nahrain is a = treasure-trove of=20 more than 10,000 archaeological sites, most of them unexplored. The = country used=20 to attract several foreign expeditions before it came under UN sanctions = in=20 1990.=20

The government has since banned = exports of=20 works of art, and even modern pieces require an export license in a bid = to=20 protect the national heritage.=20


U.S. AMBASSADOR COMPARES = THE SEYFO=20 GENOCIDE TO A "UFO" SITING

Courtesy of the Armenian National Committee=20 Newsletter=20

(ZNDA:  Washington)  = The U.S.=20 Ambassador to Turkey, Robert Pearson, was quoted in an article in the = major=20 Turkish daily newspaper Hurriyet comparing the Armenian Genocide to a = fictional=20 event, specifically likening the first genocide of the 20th century to a = sighting of an Unidentified Flying Object (see full article below). = According to=20 the January 25th article, "Armenian Question is Like a UFO," written by = Ayten=20 Serin: "The American Ambassador to Turkey Robert Pearson today said that = the=20 Armenian Genocide is like the rumors of flying objects. 'Some say I saw = a flying=20 object, and some say I did not see it. In reality, there are no flying = objects,=20 and the Armenian Question is similar to this,' said = Pearson."=20

On January 30, Amb Pearson made = the=20 following statement to clarify the remarks he had made on January = 25th:  "I=20 want to address the misinterpretation of comments that were reported in = the=20 Turkish press on January 25th during an official event in Istanbul. I = was asked=20 to comment on whether there would be efforts in Congress to introduce=20 legislation recognizing the tragic events that befell the Armenian = people during=20 World War I. I indicated that it would not be productive to speculate = about any=20 such possible legislation, underscoring that it was more important to = support=20 efforts by Turkey and Armenia to work together to improve their=20 relations."=20

=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=20
Text of Article in=20 Hurriyet
(1/25/01)

Armenian Question is Like a=20 UFO
By Ayten=20 Serin
Hurriyet=20 (Turkey)=20

The American Ambassador to = Turkey Robert=20 Pearson today said that the Armenian Genocide is like the rumors of = flying=20 objects. "Some say I saw a flying object, and some say I did not see it. = In=20 reality, there are no flying objects, and the Armenian Question is = similar to=20 this," said Pearson.=20

Pearson compared the Armenian = cause to that=20 of the UFO rumors that the American people spread. He said that the = Genocide=20 resolution that the French House of Representatives voted on will not = have any=20 effects.=20

During a ceremony for the = constructing of a=20 new building for the American Embassy in Istanbul, a reporter asked the=20 Ambassador, "Will the Armenian Genocide be back on the US government's = agenda=20 again?" To which Pearson answered, "This question is similar to the UFO=20 question."=20

Pearson continued, "Sometimes, = a person=20 would say, I saw a flying object (UFO)' and another would say, there is = no UFO.'=20 There is an enormous debate over UFOs, yet there is no such thing as = UFOs. I do=20 not know the answer to that question. However, we know where the US = government=20 stands: we believe that these resolutions will not be helpful. We = believe that=20 Turkey's wish to develop good relationships with Armenia is strong and = sincere.=20 We also know that Turkish historians will investigate and handle this = subject.=20 We strongly support these efforts on Turkey's side and we will not = change our=20 position in this matter."=20

Another journalist asked = Pearson, "Turkey=20 is being accused of committing crimes against the Armenian people, and = Turkey=20 wants to become a member of the EU. How does the US see this situation?" = Pearson=20 answered, "Washington supports Turkey's EU membership, and nothing will = affect=20 our position. We believe that Turkey will have a very important role in = Europe,=20 and good Turkey-EU relation is good to the US. We believe in this = because we=20 believe in the Turkish people's abilities, power and = aims."=20

Pearson also said that the new = US Consulate=20 building will further certify to our belief in Turkey. "Today's ceremony = is a=20 physical proof of our support. We are in a dynamic city (Istanbul); we = are in=20 the most beautiful city in the world. This city is the proof of the = future for=20 Europe and the other regions."=20

During the ceremony for the = opening of the=20 new Consulate building, Pearson said, "Turkey cannot be seen as only an=20 important bridge." Pearson saw Turkey important not only for its Hazar = Oil but=20 also for the Middle East Peace process. He confirmed that Turkey will = set a very=20 good example in its economic and political reforms for Central Asia and = the=20 Caucasus.
 =20

Ambassador W. Robert Pearson, of Tennessee, a = Career=20 Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Minister-Counselor, has a = broad=20 background in European and Security issues as well as wide management = experience=20 overseas and in Washington. The Senate confirmed Ambassador Pearson as=20 Ambassador to Turkey on July 9, 2000. He officially assumed his position = in=20 Ankara on September 21, 2000. Last October, Amb. Pearson flew to = Washington from=20 Ankara to testify before the U.S. Congress against the recognition of = the=20 Armenian Genocide.=20

Ambassador Pearson was Deputy Chief of Mission = of the=20 U.S. Embassy to France from July 1997 to July 2000. He followed closely = the=20 evolution of European Union policy regarding the candidacy of Turkey for = membership, and defense and security issues within the Atlantic Alliance = and the=20 EU. He actively promoted business ties between France and the U.S. and = helped in=20 the opening of five new offices in France s regions. He served twice at = NATO,=20 from 1993 to 1997 as Deputy Permanent Representative to the U.S. Mission = during=20 the Balkan crisis and NATO s enlargement, and from 1987 to 1990 on the=20 international staff as Chair of NATO s Political Committee. From 1991 to = 1993,=20 he was the Executive Secretary of the Department of State. He served as = Deputy=20 Executive Secretary of the National Security Council (1985-1987). He = served in=20 Beijing, China as a political officer (1981 to 1983), was staff = assistant in the=20 East Asia and Pacific Affairs bureau, and began his Foreign Service = career with=20 a two-year assignment in Auckland, New Zealand (1976- 1978).=20

Ambassador Pearson served in the U.S. Navy = Judge Advocate=20 General's Corps from 1969 to 1973, and is a graduate of the University = of=20 Virginia Law School in 1968. He is a member of the International = Institute for=20 Strategic Studies in London. He speaks French and Chinese. His wife, = Margaret,=20 is a career diplomat. The Pearsons have one son, Matthew, who is a = student in=20 the United States.=20

Zinda Magazine urges its = readers to take=20 action and contact the State Department and ask whether the offensive = quotes=20 attributed to the Ambassador in the January 25th Hurriyet article = reflect the=20 views of the State Department.=20

Tel: (202) 647-9626 - European Bureau at State=20 Dept.
Fax: (202) 647-0967=20

The Hon. James Dobbins
Assistant Secretary
Bureau for=20 European Affairs
U.S. Department of = State=20
2201 C St NW #6226
Washington, DC 20520 =

The Embassy in Ankara can also be contacted=20 directly:=20

Tel: 011 (90-312) 468-6110
Fax: 011 (90-312) 468-6145=20

Mail:  The Hon. Robert Pearson =
U.S. EMBASSY ANKARA, TURKEY
Ataturk=20 Bulvari 110 Kavaklidere
06540 ANKARA,=20 TURKEY
 =20

NEWS = DIGEST=20
 

ARCHEOLOGISTS WORK TO = SAVE CHINESE=20 SITE WITH CHRISTIAN TRACES

Reprinted from an article by Erling Hoh; = Chicago Tribune,=20 February 6, 2001=20

Eleven years ago, while excavating a meditation cave = in the=20 northern part of Dunhuang's Mogao Grottoes complex, archeologist Peng = Jinzhang=20 made an exciting and puzzling discovery: four beautifully preserved = pages of=20 white-linen paper filled with a script he could not = identify.=20

Scholars at Beijing University helped him solve the=20 mystery.=20

The language was Syriac, and the pages were from the = Psalms in=20 the New Testament.=20

Passing through this oasis town eight centuries ago, = Marco Polo=20 may have met the owner of this Syriac Bible, dated to the Yuan Dynasty.=20 "Thepeople are for the most part idolaters, but there are also some = Nestorian=20 Christians and Saracens," he wrote in his "Travels."=20

Peng's find confirms that Christians did indeed live, = pray and=20 die in Dunhuang's Mogao Grottoes--one of Buddhism's most hallowed = sanctuaries=20 and an unparalleled repository for the cultures and creeds that funneled = into=20 the Silk Road here on China's doorstep.=20

The Syriac Bible find, announced recently, is only = one of=20 several illuminating discoveries made by Peng and his team during their = six-year=20 excavation of the northern part of the Mogao Grottoes.=20

The grottoes are a complex of 750 caves carved out of = the=20 sandstone cliffs along the Daquan River 15 miles southeast of Dunhuang = in=20 China's Gansu province.=20

Among the 243 excavated caves--the monks' living = quarters and=20 meditation and burial chambers--the team found movable wooden type for = the=20 Uyghur language, unique documents, Persian silver coins and countless = other=20 artifacts.=20

"Our work confirms that the Mogao Grottoes was an = integrated=20 complex, where monks lived as well as prayed and studied," said Wang = Jianjun, a=20 member of the archeological team.=20

Founded in the 4th Century A.D., the Buddhist cave = temples at=20 Mogao flourished for a thousand years as a haven for Buddhism,=20 scholarship,=20

meditation and artistic creativity. They were = abandoned when=20 the Chinese withdrew their garrisons in 1372 after the maritime route = proved=20 itself more reliable than the Silk Road.=20

In 1900, Taoist priest Wang Yuanlu stumbled upon the = famous=20 Hidden Library, where some 50,000 artifacts, including the Diamond = Sutra,=20 the=20

earliest-dated printed book known, had lain untouched = for=20 hundreds of years.=20

In 1907, British-Hungarian archeologist Aurel Stein = arrived in=20 Dunhuang. Paying Wang only four silver pieces, Stein carted off = thousands of=20 manuscripts, silk scroll paintings and other artifacts that are housed = in the=20 British Museum, the British Library and the National Museum in New=20 Delhi.=20

French, American, Japanese and Russian explorers=20 followed.=20

By the 1930s, what remained at Mogao were 2,000 = Buddhist=20 sculptures and the caves' murals, which depict daily life, trade, = customs,=20 legends and sutras covering a span of 800 years.=20

Today, the Mogao Grottoes are the mainstay of = Dunhuang's=20 economy, attracting thousands of visitors to this remote outpost at the=20 western=20

end of the Great Wall each year, as well as the locus = for an=20 esoteric, thriving field of scholarship.=20

In the 1960s, the eroding cliff face was reinforced = with an=20 unbecoming but functional concrete facade. In 1987, the Mogao Grottoes = was=20 declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.=20

For the past decade, an international team of = experts, led by=20 the Dunhuang Reseach Academy in cooperation with the Getty=20 Conservation=20

Institute and other organizations, has been trying to = save the=20 caves' wondrous paintings.=20

A 3-mile-long windbreak fence has reduced by 60 = percent the=20 amount of sand blown over the cliff's face. Iron doors have been = installed in=20 all the caves to reduce dust and humidity. Up on the cliff, a = solar-powered=20 meteorological station records basic weather data, while substations in = selected=20 caves record information.=20

Other work focuses on documenting the paintings, = analyzing the=20 color pigments, understanding the reasons for their deterioration,=20 and=20

developing new materials and techniques to preserve=20 them.=20

In one Tang Dynasty cave that has 16 illustrated = sutras,=20 Japanese tissue paper temporarily is being used to hold the flaking = paint in=20 place until a permanent solution is developed.=20

Nearby, a technician from Osaka University is = measuring the=20 underlying rock's moisture content, while an international group of = experts=20 huddles to examine the results of a thermography test, which identifies=20 detachments in the plaster through the measurement of minute temperature = differences.=20

"These paintings deserve the same kind of attention = and=20 preservation as a Rembrandt or a da Vinci. And they are much more = threatened=20 than paintings on canvas," says Neville Agnew, a conservation scientist = from the=20 Getty Conservation Institute.=20

Humidity and salt that leeches from the underlying = rock are the=20 main culprits in the deterioration and flaking of the murals. As Agnew = and his=20 colleagues race against an unforgiving clock to preserve this unique = historical=20 record, they face another foe.=20

The thousands of tourists from China and the rest of = world who=20 make their way to Mogao every year, bringing much-needed cash to the = region,=20 also pose a growing threat to the paintings.=20

Because of the deleterious effect of too many = visitors, a=20 standard tour of the Mogao Grottoes is restricted to brief visits to a = few=20 caves.=20

The conservationists are devising ways to light the = murals=20 without causing further damage, and in the adjacent museum, several=20 well-made=20

reproductions allow visitors to contemplate the = murals'=20 intricate, multifarious artwork at a more leisurely pace.=20

While the conservation work at the Mogao Grottoes is = one of=20 China's most successful international collaborations in this field, the=20 dispersal of the Hidden Library's manuscripts around the globe, and = their=20 restitution to China, remains a controversial issue.=20

"From a moral point of view, the artifacts should be = returned.=20 The Chinese government should, at the appropriate time, through the = appropriate=20 legal and diplomatic channels, try to retrieve the artifacts," said Rong = Xinjiang, a Dunhuang expert at Beijing University.=20

At the same, however, the dispersal of these = treasures has=20 turned Dunhuang studies into a global endeavor, with scholars from many=20 countries laboring hours on end in musty libraries to decipher and = interpret the=20 manuscripts.=20

Written in rare, dead languages ranging from Tangut = to Runic=20 Turkic, the manuscripts deal with a gamut of concerns, including = historical=20 records, Buddhist sutras, Taoist tracts and medical treatises, = calendars,=20 astronomical charts, literature, poetry, folk songs, real estate deals, = and even=20 the model for an apology from a drunken guest to his host.=20

Prompted by the desire to see all Dunhuang artifacts = in one=20 place, the International Dunhuang Project was launched in 1993 at the = behest of=20 the British Library, and the treasures from the Hidden Library are now = being=20 made available through the project's Web site, = http://idp.bl.uk/.=20

The Mellon Foundation also is spending $3 million to = reunite a=20 selection of the treasures from Mogao in cyberspace.=20

"The comprehensiveness of Dunhuang is its most = outstanding=20 feature: 800 years of pictorial history," says Dr. Sarah Fraser, an art=20 historian at Northwestern University who heads the Mellon Foundation's = project=20 and who has studied the relationship between the sketch books found in = the=20 Hidden Library and the finished murals.=20

The Silk Road region where Marco Polo traveled is = rich in many=20 peoples' heritage.=20

For further reading:  The=20 Nestorian Tablet in China

SPENCER ABRAHAM LINKED = TO LEBANON'S=20 FARES FAMILY

Based on an article by Damon Chappie for the = Roll Call,=20 "the Newspaper of Capitol Hill since 1955" =

The family of Lebanon's deputy prime minister, = already under=20 scrutiny for large donations to George W. Bush's inaugural committee and = a=20 speech payment to Secretary of State-designate Colin Powell, has strong = ties to=20 another Bush administration official, Energy Secretary Spence=20 Abraham.=20

Abraham is the son of a Lebanese immigrant. During = his=20 Congressional career, Abraham pushed legislation to increase aid to = Lebanon and=20 acted as an advocate for politically active Arab-Americans.=20

Abraham has received political contributions from = family=20 members of and groups associated with Issam Fares, a wealthy Lebanese=20 businessman who oversees a worldwide conglomerate of energy and real = estate=20 interests. Fares ascended to the post of deputy prime minister last=20 year.=20

Questions about Fares' ties to U.S. politicians arose = after the=20 Bush inaugural committee reported a $100,000 donation from Fares and = another=20 $100,000 donation from his son, Nijad Fares, a Houston-based businessman = with=20 permanent resident status in the United States and a citizen of=20 Lebanon.=20

After the Wall Street Journal reported the inaugural = donation=20 last month, the inaugural committee said the donation listed from Issam = Fares=20 came from the Link Group, LLC, a company headed by Nijad Fares and that = the son=20 had attempted to give credit for the donation to his father.=20

Both father and son have a long history of intimate = political=20 connections with U.S. politicians and have been major supporters of = groups=20 promoting Lebanon's interests. The family's main U.S. business holding, = a=20 Houston-based firm called the Wedge Group, is a major player in the oil = services=20 industry and is headed by William White, the former number two official = at the=20 Energy Department during the Clinton administration.=20

A Bush official, describing the confusion over the = listing of=20 Issam Fares as a donor, noted that federal law doesn't bar donations = from=20 foreign nationals to groups like the inaugural committee but that it had = voluntarily agreed to abide by federal election laws which do prohibit = donations=20 to political campaigns by foreign nationals.=20

During the last three election cycles, Nijad Fares = and his wife=20 gave $17,000 to Abraham's campaign and his leadership political action=20 committee. Nijad Fares was also president of the American Task Force for = Lebanon, and its PAC gave $7,500 to Abraham.=20

While foreign nationals are prohibited by law from = contributing=20 to U.S. campaigns, election law allows donations from persons with = permanent=20 resident status in the United States even though they are not allowed to = vote in=20 U.S. elections.=20

Nijad Fares bluntly laid out his strategy for = increasing the=20 clout of Arab-Americans in an opinion piece he authored that appeared in = the=20 Detroit News on Dec. 16, 1996.=20

"Arab-Americans must substantially increase = contributions to=20 political candidates,"he wrote. "Even modest contributions help ensure = that=20 Members of Congress and their staffs take phone calls and are more = responsive to=20 requests. Furthermore, the contributor must make explicit an interest in = Middle=20 East-related issues." The disclosures about the Fares family's = contributions=20 have alarmed some campaign finance watchdogs.=20

Abraham supported legislation to increase aid to = Lebanon, a=20 country trying to rebuild from a devastating civil war and occupation by = Israel.  Last year, Abraham secured an additional $3 million for = Lebanon,=20 boosting that country's annual aid package to $18 million. Abraham urged = Congressional appropriators and the Clinton administration to raise = Lebanon's=20 yearly aid package to $256 million.  In 1999, Abraham supported a = $4=20 million earmark for educational institutions in Lebanon, including the=20 International College, which has Nijad Fares as a board = member.=20

A filing last week with the Securities and Exchange = Commission=20 listed Nijad Fares as a citizen of Lebanon and a director of the Wedge = Group,=20 which has his father, Issam Fares, as chairman. But Richard Blohm, = general=20 counsel for the Wedge Group, said in an interview that Nijad Fares has = no=20 connection to Wedge and that he is president of Link Group. He said the = two=20 companies are not housed together.=20

But Nijad Fares and the Link Group occupy offices in = the Wedge=20 Group's Houston skyscraper, according to Wedge's receptionist. Nijad = Fares was=20 travelling and did not respond to several phone messages.=20

A search of several databases found no information on = the Link=20 Group. Blohm said the Link Group is "a company wholly owned by Nijad = Fares" and=20 that it is involved with investments. Wedge Group, however, has = extensive energy=20 interests, holding an 80 percent stake in the oil service firm = Howe-Baker, which=20 was acquired in a complex transaction last December by Chicago Bridge = & Iron=20 Co., another energy firm in which Wedge holds a major stake.=20

Issam Fares, who serves as CEO of Wedge and a network = of=20 companies based in the Cayman Islands and the Netherlands, was named = Lebanon's=20 deputy prime minister last year and he has served in that country's = parliament=20 since 1996. His Web site describes him as an "empire-builder, = philanthropist,=20 politician and parliamentarian."=20

He has long enjoyed close ties to former President = George Bush=20 and was Bush's guest at last year's Gridiron dinner. An endowment at = Tufts=20 University has paid for speeches by the elder Bush as well as a $59,500 = speech=20 in November by Powell. According to the Jerusalem Post, which first = reported the=20 payment to Powell, Fares said in a statement after the story that he was = happy=20 with the "noble relationship" linking him with several political leaders = in the=20 United States and added: "If the Zionist lobby and those revolving in = its orbit=20 are displeased with this relationship, it's their own business. Anyway, = envy is=20 a killer."
 =20
 =20

SURF'S = UP!=20
 

=93Thank=20 you for Zinda Magazine.  My family looks forward to reading it = every=20 week... A question about the president of AUA.  Was he born in the = U.S. or=20 is he a native of a middle-eastern country?  Your article did not = specify=20 his birth place.  Keep up the excellent work!=94=20

The Shemshoun = Family=20
Illinois=20

John Nimrod, Secretary General of the Assyrian = Universal=20 Alliance, was born in Chicago.  He served in the U.S. Army during = World War=20 II and the Korean War and was a member of Illinois State Senate's 4th = District=20 from 1973 until 1983.

=93YES THERE ARE MUSLIM ASSYRIANS!  = Once I read=20 the title of Mr. Fred Farhad=92s article =91Assyrian Muslims Vs Assyrian = Christians=92=20 published in the Reflection of Assyria section of your respected = electronic=20 magazine (Zinda) I was impressed and automatically drawn to read the = whole=20 article. After reading the whole article which I must admit I agreed = with some=20 bold points that Mr. Farhad critically approaches, I was left with the = feeling=20 of writing my opinion on the rest of the portion which I did not agree = with or=20 had some points to make about it.=20

The reason why the title of = your article=20 attracted me was that I also hold the same opinion =93There is a heavy = dose of=20 intellectual posturing, mostly achieved by =93dueling=94 quotes from a = variety of=20 sources. "Simplicity" is good and any complexities are "bad". Simply = put,=20 Christian Assyrians are the only true Assyrians and they have been = robbed,=20 through no fault of their own, of what was and is rightfully theirs, = that is;=20 their own country=94 because:=20

1-  Not all Assyrians = adapted=20 Christianity with the famous King Abkar Okama. There were for example = the=20 Assyrians of Haran, which came to be known as the infidels (Khanpeh) and = others=20 that we know them today as the Yizides and the = Mandaians.=20

2- That Islam spread in the = land of Atour=20 (Today not only Iraq, but also Iran, Turkey, Syria.) with power of the = sword=20 therefore was able to convert a lot of Assyrians to Islam either from = their=20 original believes or from Christianity such examples are ample. For = example=20 Tikrit which is Saddam's tribe is well known among Arabs themselves as = Assyrians=20 that were originally Christians and the remains of the first Assyrian = church in=20 Tikrit bare witness to the originality of the Tikarata. The well known = Arab=20 tribe of Al-jibur is also another example, Al-jibur means the forced in = Arabic,=20 the Sheikhs of this tribe still admit that they are Assyrians forced to = Islam as=20 their name states.=20

3- The Assyrian ancient or = Christian=20 culture has left its prints in the daily life of a lot of Arab and = Kurdish=20 tribes and these prints also bare witness to their=20 originality.=20

4- The Mhalmoyeh people who = dwell in and=20 around Mirdeh (Merdin which is in Atour of Turkey) were originally = Assyrians=20 that adopted Islamism after they were Mokhrimeh by one of Patriarch of = our=20 western church around 300-400 years ago. And there is a few intellectual = individuals within the Mahlmoyeh community that still pride themselves = as=20 Assyrians and are members in Assyria Liberation = Party.=20

But the portion, which I = disagree with=20 is:=20

1- Your opinion =93They also = demand the=20 world's attention to their plight and requests for justice as they = define the=20 word. While the Jews, Armenians and Greeks have either their own = countries or a=20 rich and varied culture which has been a player in the world, the = Christian=20 Assyrians, having given nothing to deserve the recognition they crave=94 = I will=20 not go into the contributions of the Assyrian culture to the world from = the=20 ancient times and their Assyrian contributions in progressing the Muslim = religion, Persian, Arab, Turkish cultures and also the spreading of=20 Christianity, not to forget the active role of the Assyrians in serving = the=20 western allies. Not because they were only left with no other choice = than=20 joining the allies, but also because they believed there was a war = between good=20 and evil so being true Assyrians they joined the allies against the evil = powers=20 GERMANY. I will simply ask you to research that = yourself.=20

2- Because the Assyrian lost = most of its=20 population in the world wars more than any nation compared to the size = of its=20 population.=20

3- Because Assyrians have = become victims of=20 multiple massacres prior to 7th of August which I will also leave it for = you to=20 research.=20

4- Because the Assyrians were = and are=20 victims of Ethnocide which I will also leave for you to=20 research.=20

5- Because the Assyrians lost = their land=20 Atour. =

What is there more that can the = Assyrians=20 contribute and give to the people of the world that allows us to say = that they=20 do not deserve the recognition they crave.=20

I also do not agree with your = expressions=20 when you try to make it look like that the Assyrians deserve those = massacres=20 because it was their fault for siding with the west and their only = reason was=20 that their neighbors were Muslims and therefore Assyrians have a lot of = stored=20 hatred towards Islamism. Because I will again ask you to research that = yourself,=20 but I will only ask you this question "if you believe that that was the = reason=20 then tell me why were the Assyrians of Tur-Kashireh (Tur-Abdin) who did = not side=20 with the west but showed their loyalty to their Muslim neighbours got=20 massacred?=20

Also in regards this opinion = =93What if the=20 British had chosen the name "Assyria" instead of Iraq for that region, = and=20 everything remained the same=94 I say great, we all would have been = happy and do=20 not forget that the problem is not the name because Iraq is also an = Assyrian=20 name it comes from Uruk, but the problem is the Slogan that says: =93ONE = ETERNAL=20 MESSAGE OF ONE ARAB NATION=94.=20

In regards the assistance of = the Iraqi=20 people in general I tell you with confident every Assyrian cried their = lives=20 away when Iraq was fired with missiles because its their land and they = treasure=20 it while it's needless to say that the so called Arab nations sided and = laughed=20 with the west.=20

The Assyrian church and = organizations have=20 assisted the people of Iraq with no discrimination.=20

The Assyrian people are not = only assisting=20 their Assyrian families that are victims of the sanctions but there is = also a=20 lot of them that assist their Muslim friends or neighbours, I myself = know a lot=20 of such Assyrians. And they do not do it as Irwana. But they do it = because they=20 are Assyrians and humanity is their culture.=20

Finely I have to thank you for = your courage=20 in expressing your opinions so boldly and I have to say that I have a = lot of=20 respect for your articles and you as a Great Assyrian=20 artist.=94=20

Nineb Tooma =
Assyria TV=20


=93My name is Hani Aboona.  I am in = Bulgaria for 9=20 years. I am a refugee from Iraq.  If you know my family please ask = them to=20 contact me. It is cold here and there is snow, no work, no bed.  If = you or=20 someone you know might be able to help me please contact = me=20
through Pastor James=20 Duke.=94=20

James & Audrey = Duke=20
Pier Degejtar IV. Blk. = 1,=20
Fl. 7, Apt. 26 =
Sofia Bulgaria 1113 =
To call from US = 011-359-2-9712192=20
e-mail: =20 alight@geobiz.net=20
 =20

SURFER = CORNER=20
 

HUGOYE - JANUARY=20 2001

The Syriac = Computing=20 Institute has published the January 2001 issue of its academic = periodical Hugoye: Journal of Syriac = Studies. The=20 issue is free and contains two in memoriam articles, two long papers, = three=20 short papers, two book reviews, and a number of conference reports and=20 announcements.=20

The two in memoriam articles are on Fr. Yousef Habbi=20 (1938-2000) by George Kiraz, and on Prof. Julius Assfalg (1919-2001) by = Hubert=20 Kaufhold.=20

The first long paper is in French and discusses the = origin of=20 the name of Bar cEbroyo by Jean Chelhod. The second paper is on Simeon = of Qalca=20 Rumaita, Patriarch Philoxenus Nemrod, and Bar cEbroyo by Hidemi=20 Takahashi.=20

The three short papers discuss exciting new recent = discoveries:=20 1) Papyrus fragments from Deir al-Suryan by Fr. Bigoul El-Souriany and = Luk Van=20 Rompay, 2) inscriptions from Takrit by Amir Harrak, and 3) inscriptions = from=20 Deir al-Suryan by Luk Van Rompay and Andrea Schmidt.=20

Book reviews include a review on Hollerweger's Tur = Abdin:=20 Living Cultural Heritage by Edip Aydin, a bibliography of books = published in=20 2000 by Dr. Sebastian Brock, and a review on Falla's A Key to the = Peshitta=20 Gospels by Andreas Juckel.=20

The issue also contains one conference report, and = three=20 announcements. The Journal is available free of charge.=20

Published semiannually since 1988, Hugoye is the only = peer-reviewed academic journal that is dedicated entirely to the Syriac=20 tradition. The journal is a founding member of the Association of Peer-Reviewed Electronic = Journals in=20 Religion.=20

Syriac Computing = Institute=20
New Jersey

ASSYRIAN-IRAQI REFUGEES = REFLECT ON=20 GULF WAR - 10 YEARS AGO

Courtesy of The Dominion Independent = Newspapers, 17=20 January 2001=20

For Iraqi refugees Jan Benjamin and brothers Youael = and Brikha=20 Zomaya, the 10th anniversary of the outbreak of the Gulf War marks a far = happier=20 time than for their compatriots caught up in the conflict.=20

In January 1991 the three were just completing = formalities for=20 emigrating to New Zealand after being based in neighboring Iran for five = years=20 as refugees of the devastating Iran-Iraq war.=20

As the first bombs from United States-led allied = coalition=20 forces began falling on Baghdad, they were packing their bags for a life = a world=20 away from the uncertainty of a country at war.=20

Brikha Zomaya had already lived with that = uncertainty. During=20 Iraq's vicious border battle with Iran in the 1980s, he had served in = the back=20 lines as an army telephone technician before fleeing in = 1986.=20

"We didn't want a war. We didn't want to kill people = we just=20 want peace," he said.=20

With the penalty for desertion being certain death, = Brikha=20 Zomaya, with members of his family in tow, fled to the Iran-based = refugee camps.=20 A fellow Assyrian, Jan Benjamin, was there and together they were = granted the=20 right to move to New Zealand.=20

Over the years each has joined manufacturing = engineering firm=20 of AE Tilley at Rongotai, Wellington, where they enjoy a comfortable = lifestyle=20 in contrast to those left in Iraq.=20

"We work harder here but we are free and that's the = important=20 thing," Mr Benjamin said.=20

Assyrians comprise between 3 and 5 per cent of Iraq's = population but unlike the Muslim majority they follow Christian=20 beliefs.=20

The three urged people to recognize the debilitating = effects of=20 economic sanctions against Iraq. "It's wrong for Iraq to go inside = Kuwait but=20 it's wrong to put sanctions on the Iraqi people," Youael Zomaya said. = "All the=20 problems in the Gulf are with the Iraqi Government. All the Iraqi people = are=20 innocent, they don't know much about (the politics)."=20

All three are adamant that if the US-led coalition = had wanted=20 to get rid of Saddam Hussein he would not have survived the war. "If = they wanted=20 to kill him they would have done so in 1991," Brikha Zomaya said. It was = in the=20 US's interests to keep Saddam in power as it gave it a legitimate = economic=20 interest in continuing programs like regular weapon inspections=20 there.=20

The three said they would watch with interest US = Secretary of=20 State-designate Colin Powell's attitude to Iraq in an administration = featuring=20 many faces who were driving forces in Operation Desert = Storm.
Fred = Parhad's=20
REFLECTIONS ON=20 ASSYRIA =
 

THE SINS OF COMMISSION & = OMISSION

If one could hover above this planet and look down, = seeing at=20 will any portion of it, what would be seen of our Assyrian people. The=20 astronauts who first saw the earth from far away, marveled at how small = and=20 lovely a place it seemed. They, almost to a man, reflected on the world = Man had=20 created; how in every land mass conflicts between and within groups had=20 developed since the beginning of time and how ,since then, people had = managed to=20 split themselves into ever increasing and smaller groups, dividing along = every=20 conceivable line, each pitted against the other until the planet became = a very=20 battlefield of division and bloody argument. As if each knew it was = wrong in=20 some fundamental way, all found a god to sanction their otherwise = destructive=20 behavior towards the whole and, ultimately, the ruin of their own=20 people.=20

How would we Assyrians appear to a person from such a = vantage=20 point? The person would see that we all changed religions (Christianity) = at=20 about our half-way point (2000 years ago), with some of us changing yet = again=20 (Muslim) some time later. The Christians among us were gradually forced = to leave=20 our ancestral homelands, finding a place to practice our religion in the = Christian lands of the West. Those of us moving there began to be = influenced by=20 the West, gradually seeing our children absorbed by the dominant = culture. Those=20 remaining became increasingly influenced by the nations around them with = whom=20 they shared a common religion (Islam) if not culture, and saw their = offspring=20 likewise pulled away.=20

Those of us in the West gradually felt our loyalties = begin to=20 merge with those we lived among, so that their wars became our wars = until we=20 even accepted and took part in violence and aggression towards our = homelands.=20 Those who remained behind felt their loyalties drawn towards their=20 co-religionists who they could see were being set upon by the West in = its=20 efforts to gain trade routes and resources culminating in an insatiable = desire=20 for oil at the lowest prices, those obtainable only if that region were = kept in=20 a constant state of turmoil, forced to sell oil just to recover from the = ravages=20 that same oil brought with it.=20

In the West our people did not pull together to form = a common=20 culture in exile. They split even further along religious lines and = regional=20 distinctions. On top of a bewildering array of =93true=94 versions of = Christianity=20 they felt jealousies between East and West coasts, cities and states, = political=20 parties and clubs. The fabric, first torn when we changed religions to = follow a=20 carpenter and a camel driver, continued to rip until a very patchwork of = small=20 rags barely stitched together was all that remained in the = West.=20

In the West our people clung to the hope of = preserving a=20 language, but the language itself was split and divided among dialects, = as was=20 everything else. Divided along religious, regional, political and = linguistic=20 lines, tugged at by an unrelenting Pop culture and having none of their = own, our=20 people, not only facing certain death as an ethnic group, have as a = result of=20 this very shredding gone so far as to participate in the destruction of = what=20 remains of their =93family=94 in the ancestral homelands.=20

Those who participate commit the sin of commission, = those who=20 watch the victim bleed commit the sin of omission. One commits the = violence, the=20 other omits to come to the victim's rescue. In the eyes of the law the = behavior=20 of BOTH parties is wrong and action could be taken against them=20 both.=20

I=92m not an artist in any sense of the word. I = avoided it as=20 long as I could. I had no interest in the trappings or the rules of the = game. I=20 despise =93openings=94, never been to one and look forward to skipping = my own next=20 month. I left art school after one class session and it was only the = sight of my=20 own peoples=92 fragments and antiquities which brought about a = commitment to do=20 the work. But even that wasn=92t because of a desire to join the art = =93scene=94. I=20 could see, standing there in the Museums, the way people looked at the = art we=92d=20 produced. They were moved, they were impressed, they took notice. We, as = a=20 people in the modern era, had not even succeeded in resurrecting = ourselves from=20 the =93dead=94 for hardly anyone knew we existed and we=92d done nothing = in over 100=20 years to disabuse them of that belief. Yet the art of our ancestors = =93got=94=20 people=92s attention.=20

I used art and culture as weapons and tools. If the = ancients=20 drew the worlds=92 attention to us, even after thousands of years, then = perhaps we=20 could do it again through the arts. The arts of our people would be the = one=20 uniting factor, if there could be any, which could constitute a culture = for us=20 in exile. An ethnic dance, music, or theatre troupe, professionally = trained and=20 managed, could spread our fame as a culture around the globe, as could = any good=20 writing, painting and sculpture. But over time I=92ve discovered that = the old=20 divisions among us lead each faction to resent bitterly any attempt at=20 unification for each will lose the precious little it has and fears = being=20 overshadowed and swallowed up.=20

We are like the children of a once wealthy person. = who lost=20 most of the treasure before we were born. All our lives we=92ve heard = what a great=20 person this one WAS, how much wealth, how much respect, how much = influence this=20 person HAD. And when the time came to divide up the little inheritance = which was=20 left for us, each of us went out in the world clinging desperately to a = little=20 shred of satin or broken crystal which was to be all we=92d ever have to = remember=20 our great ancestor by. In clinging to that fragment, we=92ve continued = to become=20 fragmented as heirs and individually. Seeing only a small part of the = whole=20 we=92ve not been able build with these hands and minds a new basis for a = new=20 wealth. We sit, rocking back and forth in memory of the past, our eyes = rapt upon=20 a broken piece of a whole which, like us, is shattered and gone=20 forever.=20

If we could put down the piece of an inheritance, or = better yet=20 bring all the treasure together again and consecrate all of it to our = own museum=20 of memories, close the door upon it to preserve it...then with our hands = free to=20 toil once more, our hearts lightened by the knowledge that each = person=92s small=20 piece treasure is safe, we could begin to build a new wealth, made by us = all and=20 for our children to come in the centuries spreading before us. We could = do it.=20 We=92ve survived this long against all odds for some reason. But we have = to let go=20 of a part in order to grab onto something much bigger, much more grand, = with a=20 chance of life to it. And, as of yet, we=92re far too frightened by this = little we=20 have, afraid that to let it go will mean we=92ll have nothing at all. = Like a child=20 clinging to a float, we=92ll not drown, as long as nothing damages the = float, but=20 we=92ll never swim free either, leaving, what only keeps our heads = barely above=20 water, for the exhilaration which comes from dashing through the water = secure in=20 our abilities.=20
 =20

MILESTONES=20
 

MARONA BAR BENJAMIN=20 ARSANIS
(1918-2001)=20

Marona Bar Benjamin Arsanis passed away in Moscow, = Russia on 4=20 February 2001. The Assyrian people have lost one of their most = outstanding=20 national activist, writer, translator and brilliant teacher.=20

Rabbie Marona was born in Urmia, Iran in 1918 into a = family of=20 greatest Assyrian writer, historian, educator, enlightener and diplomat = Rabbie=20 Benjamin Arsanis.  After finishing school in Tehran in 1937 Marona = Arsanis=20 went along with his brother Gewargis to study in the USSR. That was = their=20 father=92s will who believed in the communistic ideals all along and = hoped for the=20 better life for his people in the USSR but, alas, the children of Rabbie = Benjamin became only the victims or even hostages taken by the communist = regime.=20 Therefore Rabbie Marona could not leave for his homeland to pay tribute = to his=20 ancestors until 1995.=20

In 1939 Marona Arsanis was called up for service in = the Red=20 Army and fought in the conflict with Finland. After the Second World War = Rabbie=20 Arsanis took over as a Farsi language editor of a foreign literature = publishing=20 house.  In the late 1950s he took a job of the announcer and = translator of=20 the USSR State Committees for National Telecasting and Broadcasting=20 Systems.=20

In the early 1960s Rabbi Marona began to organize a = small study=20 group of the Assyrian language in Moscow. Some three hundred people, = adults and=20 children, came to attend his classes at people=92s homes and in the = clubs. In the=20 1970s the Arsanis brothers launched a mass campaign to raise the = Assyrian=20 literacy level not only among Assyrians in Moscow, but also in Armenia = and in=20 the USSR Republic of Georgia.=20

Some special focus should be placed on the diversity = of Rabbi=20 Marona=92s talent. He was an excellent painter and piano player as he = had spent=20 much of his spare time on both disciplines during his lifetime. But = literature=20 remained his favorite pastime. His philosophical mood and broad = speculations=20 brought him over to the creation of over 15,000 aphorisms. He was the = author of=20 five books, including a large 282 page foliate =93Aphorisms and = Thoughts=94. Two=20 lovely books penned by the Arsanis family were published recently in = Moscow. The=20 well-known story =93The Fall of the Assyrian Kingdom=94 written by Rabbi = Benjamin=20 Arsanis, was translated by Rabbi Marona and published at the beginning = of 2000=20 in the Russian language. And the second book is a biographic story = =93Benjamin=20 Arsanis and his family=94 by Rabbi Marona Arsanis. This publication is a = great=20 tribute to Rabbi Benjamin from his beloved son with faith and = love.=20

Rabbi Marona Arsanis has touched the hearts and lives = of many=20 people in his lifetime. We will never forget his unconditional love to = our=20 nation and support for us all. He will be deeply mourned and ever loved = by his=20 friends and sympathizers. As we mourn his loss, may he rest in peace and = may the=20 Lord bless his soul.=20

=93Melta=94 Magazine Bulletin=20 Staff
Moscow,=20 Russia

PROFESSOR OLIVER=20 GURNEY
(1911-2001)

Courtesy of The Times of London, 24 January=20 2001=20

Professor Oliver Gurney, FBA, cuneiform scholar, was = born in=20 London on January 28, 1911. He died on January 11 aged 89.=20

Oliver Gurney was the most distinguished British = cuneiform=20 scholar of his generation, and one of the last links with the first era = of=20 Assyriology, through A. H. Sayce, who inspired his uncle, John Garstang, = to=20 write The Land of the Hittites in 1910. It was Garstang, Professor of=20 Archaeology at Liverpool, who persuaded Gurney himself to take up this = study.=20 Gurney described Sayce as a spiritual ancestor, and remembered meeting = him, at=20 the excavations of Jericho in 1931 - a vigorous old gentleman of 87 in = full=20 clerical dress despite the oppressive heat. Sayce himself was the last = of the=20 Assyriologists of the school of Rawlinson, Oppert and Hincks, and had = been a=20 friend of Schliemann, Georg Curtius and Gladstone.=20

Oliver Robert Gurney was the only child of Robert = Gurney, a=20 noted zoologist of the Norfolk family, and of Sarah Gamzu. From Eton, he = went in=20 1929 to read Greats at New College, Oxford, where he became interested = in Homer.=20 His uncle drew his attention to the cuneiform archives in Hittite, the = oldest=20 Indo-European language, recently excavated in Turkey, that were = beginning to=20 reveal the history behind the Homeric epics. The enthusiasm this fired = for the=20 infant discipline of Hittite studies never waned.=20

Before taking his finals he called on the Professor = of=20 Assyriology, Stephen Langdon, to say that he wished to learn = Mesopotamian=20 cuneiform as a stepping-stone to Hittite. Gurney recalled that Langdon = looked=20 him up and down before asking, "Is your health good?" He debated ever = afterwards=20 whether this was a joke or a serious question prompted by an anxiety = that=20 Gurney's health might not withstand such a strenuous career.=20

He spent 1935-36 at Berlin University being initiated = into the=20 mysteries of the Hittite language before completing an Oxford doctorate = with an=20 exemplary edition of the Prayers of the Hittite King Mursili II, = published in=20 1940.=20

During the war he served in the Royal Artillery, = reaching the=20 rank of captain, and was attached for four years to the Sudan Defence = Force,=20 taking part in campaigns in Eritrea and Abyssinia. He used to say that = he had=20 learnt the necessary Arabic on the boat out.=20

While still in the Forces he was invited to take up = the=20 Shillito Readership in Assyriology at Oxford, which he held until 1978, = dividing=20 his time between Assyriology and Hittite studies. He became a Fel- low = of=20 Magdalen in 1963 and ad hominem professor in 1965.=20

Although he took part in two of his uncle's = excavations in=20 southern Turkey, he decided that his own best contribution would be the = copying=20 and study of cuneiform tablets. Among his publications was a newly = excavated=20 Assyrian scribal library from Sultantepe in Turkey, including the = amusing tale=20 "The poor man of Nippur". With Samuel Noah Kramer he produced a volume = of=20 important Sumerian literary compositions from the Ashmolean Museum, and = copies=20 and editions of Kassite period documents from Ur. Embracing in his = seventies the=20 newest technology, Gurney typeset the volume himself. A further = meticulous=20 volume of Babylonian literary and scientific works followed.=20

He then became interested in Babylonian music, and = wrote=20 several papers on it. Although no ancient music survives, one of the = tablets=20 from Ur which he had copied contained the names for the strings of a = harp, and=20 with the collaboration of musicologists he was able to prove that the=20 Babylonians used a heptatonic scale with seven octave species = anticipating the=20 Greeks.=20

His deservedly popular Penguin book The Hittites was = published=20 in 1952 and has remained in print ever since, most recently revised in = 1999.=20 Gurney shared John Garstang's longstanding fascination with the problem = of the=20 geography of the Hittite Empire, and finally published their joint work = on the=20 subject in 1959, the year he was elected a Fellow of the British = Academy. His=20 1976 Schweich Lectures were published as Some Aspects of Hittite=20 Religion.=20

He was closely associated with the establishment of = the British=20 Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, of whose council he was a member = from the=20 first, and president from 1982. From 1956 until 1997 he was editor of = its=20 journal, Ana- tolian Studies. He was also a long-time member of the = council of=20 the British School of Archaeology in Iraq. Other honours included = foreign=20 membership of the Royal Danish Academy of Science and Letters, and an = honorary=20 doctorate from Chicago.=20

At the time of his death he was deep in a new book on = Wagner,=20 whose music he loved. He remained in academic correspondence with = several=20 scholars, teasing out philological and historical problems with his = customary=20 patience, courtesy and acuity. With exaggerated modesty he would = describe=20 himself as "just a bookworm"; those who knew him will remember him, on = the=20 contrary, as a scholar of the broadest learning, always ready to engage = in=20 friendly but determinedly honest discussion or to be enthused by some = new=20 discovery.=20

He is survived by his wife Diane, whom he married in = 1957, and=20 by a stepdaughter.

ZAIA = ZAITONA=20
(1911-2001) =

Zaia Zaitona, 90, of El Cajon, California died on = January 19.=20 He was born in Iraq on January 1, 1911. Mr. Zaitona was a manufacturing=20 supervisor.=20

Survivors include his wife, Selma; daughters, Mary, = Khalida and=20 Bushra Zaitona; and son, Tariq Zaitona.=20

Services were held at St. Michael Chaldean Church, = 799 E.=20 Washington St. in El Cajon.

EMMANUEL = YOUKHANA=20
(1941-2001)=20

Emmanuel Youkhana, 60, of Peoria, Arizona, died = January 11,=20 2001.  Born in Iraq to his parents Petros and Soreya. He was a = graduate=20 from the University of Chicago. Also a church member at the Assyrian = Church Of=20 The East, St. Peters Parish.  He was a private kind of person. He = helped=20 out lots of different charities. He will be deeply missed by all that = knew him.=20 Those that knew him know he is with "Jesus" now. He is survived by his = two=20 former wives: Peronia and Shirley; three daughters: Carol Oshana, Nehran = and=20 Nineuah Youkhana; one son: Robert Oshana; three sisters: Sanam Youkhana, = Shamerian Arsanis, Youlia Youkhana; one brother: Youkhana. Funeral = services were=20 held on Saturday, January 13, 2001 at Assyrian Church Of The East with = Interment=20 at Phoenix Memorial Park.
 =20

ASSYRIAN SURFING=20 POSTS =
 

Sargon=20 Boulous= =20

Concordance = to Syriac=20 New Testament

LITERATUS =

COMING FROM = ASSYRIA=20

Is there any influence in my work from my Assyrian = background?=20 Well, as a child I was writing in Arabic, although I have written = certain things=20 in Assyrian. But I soon realized that Assyrian is a very limited = language in the=20 sense of an audience. First of all, throughout the whole Middle East = where=20 Assyrians exist their language is suppressed - they don't have schools, = they=20 don't have magazines, they don't have books, but almost secret = societies. The=20 first school I went to was in a church in Al-Habbaniya where the priest = used to=20 teach us and I read Assyrian. It's a beautiful language, it's a great = language=20 and sometimes I feel like writing a fantastic elegy for the Assyrian = language,=20 how it's dying and I'm seeing its death.=20

But then I realized, when I was struck by the Arabic = language,=20 when the gift came to me, that all languages are really one. I mean, = Arabic is=20 almost like Assyrian to me, that's strange, but it's really true. For me = the=20 sound of Arabic is like some kind of cover for hat's beneath it - = meaning all=20 these ancient languages never really die. They are there. This might = sound like=20 an illusion but they are there, they are steamed up into Arabic and they = are=20 right there.=20

Of course, throughout the years I went and studied = these=20 things, I studied Turath, which is the classics of Arabic language. I = found out=20 that some of the greatest Arab poets were in fact Assyrians. They = changed their=20 names, they're all in history. Emr Al-Quais was Assyrian and Nabi Al = Dhubiani,=20 who was the poet of the kings, of the palace, was actually Assyrian. He = was=20 Monovesian, a kind of Christian at that time. Now who could be Christian = in Iraq=20 and not be Assyrian - either Assyrian, or Syriac or Chaldean, Assyrians=20 considered all these people one. Then, Abu Tammam was Christian - he = changed his=20 name. Ibn Al-Abri, a great historian, is Ben Khafri in Assyrian, so he's = Assyrian. I can tell you hundreds of names like that. Ibn Ar-Ruhmi, he = was in=20 fact Greek and Christian. These things are facts in Arabic literature. = So, the=20 way I see it is that there is no such thing as pure Arabic literature. = It all is=20 from here and there, especially from Iraq and Syria where the tremendous = movements of classic poetry took place, the revolutions of Abu Tammam in = Syria=20 and Al Muttanebi in Iraq, these movements just dragged with them all the = past of=20 mixed origins, mixed languages, mixed knowledge, mixed terminology - and = this=20 past is all there in the poetry and the prose.=20

I think that s what most of the poets, throughout = history, have=20 done. They have done exactly that. Because what finally counts is not = the=20 language, it's what the languages say.=20

In my books, particularly the last three, I have been = doing=20 exactly that. I've been putting in Assyrian phrases or sentences, such = as=20 "Shimmet baba bruna rukhet kutcha" (In the name of the Father, the Son = and the=20 Holy Ghost), sometimes without translating them. They're obviously = Assyrian, but=20 not in the sense of being just Assyrian, that would be just=20 chauvinistic.=20

Sargon = Boulos=20

Sargon Boulos was born in Habbaniya, = Iraq.  To learn=20 more about Mr. Boulos click=20 here.
 =20

PUMP UP THE = VOLUME=20
 

ENGLISH=20
MODERN=20 ASSYRIAN
GENDER=20
Good
tdow/ta
Feminine
Evil
bish/ta
Feminine=20
 =20

BACK TO THE = FUTURE=20
 

BC (687)=20

Manasseh (Minasheh), King of Judah, begins ruling = peacefully as=20 a vassal to Assyria under the Assyrian Kings Esarhaddon and = Ashurbanipal. =20 He was taken to Babylon in chains but allowed to return home.  = Manasseh=20 died in 642 B.C. and buried in the garden of his palace.=20

II Chronicles = 33


AD (884)=20

During the Patriarchate of Mar Youhannan III, a mob = of Arabs=20 attacks and plunders the monastery of Dakil Ishu.=20

The Ashurbanipal Library = Committee for=20 www.atour.com=20
 =20

THIS = WEEK IN=20 HISTORY =
 

February 9, 1956:  dies, Isreal Ronald Yonan, president of the = Assyrian=20 American National Federation between 1954 and 1955.  Mr. Yonan had = met with=20 Iraqi authorities in an effort to establish closer ties between Iraq and = the=20 AANF.
 =20
 =20

CALENDAR OF = EVENTS=20
 

 =20


 
 
 =20

Sat, =
Feb = 10

MODESTO=20
VALENTINE DANCE PARTY

Presented by the Assyrian American Athletic = Club of=20 Modesto
Entertainers:  Albert = Mansour &=20 Ghassan Band; DJ by Johnny Boy Nissan=20

St. Mary's Hall
810 = North 9th St=20 at Carver
Tickets:  $12.00 = (adults)  $=20 5.00 (under 12)
For More = Info: =20
  Samir = Zoudo.............209-551-0933=20
  Martin = David.............209-577-6700=20
  Edward Shumoun.....209-574-0997 =
  Wilson Jacobe...........209-526-3014 =

Thurs,=20
Feb = 15
TORONTO=20
CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR SYRIAC STUDIES=20 LECTURE

"Frescoes & Syriac Inscriptions in Medieval = Churches=20 in Lebanon"
by Dr. Erica Dodd, Victoria = University
8:00 PM
Auditorium, Earth Sciences Centre, Room 1050 =
5 Bancroft Avenue
University = of Toronto,=20 St. George Campus

Sat,=20
Feb = 17
SAN=20 FRANCISCO
DANCE = PARTY=20

Mar Narsai Parish, Church of the = East=20

Bring your family and friends to join us for an = evening=20 filled with fun, music, and shaykhane! This is a good opportunity = for your=20 kids to warm up to Assyrian chain dancing. Pizza and beverages = will be=20 available for sale. =20

7:00 pm
Church = Hall=20
3939 Lawton Street=20

For more information contact Edward Mikhail at = (925)=20 485-0966.

Thurs,=20
Mar = 29
TORONTO=20
CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR SYRIAC STUDIES=20 LECTURE

"Syriac Heritage at the Northern Silk Road:=20 TheArchaological& Epigraphic Evidence of Christianity in=20 Kirghizia"
by Dr. Vassilios Klein, Bonn = University
8:00 PM
Auditorium, Earth Sciences Centre, Room 1050 =
5 Bancroft Avenue
University = of Toronto,=20 St. George Campus

M-F,=20
Jul = 2-6
FINLAND=20
XLVIIe RENCONTRE ASSYRIOLOGIQUE=20 INTERNATIONALE

International Congress of Assyriology and Near = Eastern=20 Archaeology 
"Sex and Gender in = the Ancient=20 Near East"
University of = Helsinki=20

Registration Form:  clickhere=20

=
 =20
 Thank=20 You!

        Lynnette = Farhadian=20 (Washington D.C.).......Dr. George Kiraz (New Jersey)........Ashur Simon = Malek=20 (Canada)........Vasili Shoumanov (Chicago)


           &nb= sp;      =20 SHARE YOUR INFORMATIONWITH = READERSIN 55=20 COUNTRIES BY INCLUDING ZINDA MAGAZINE IN YOUR COMMUNITYOR = ORGANIZATION'SMAILING=20 LIST.
SEE OUR = MAILING=20 ADDRESS BELOW.

ZINDA Magazineis published=20 everyTuesday.  Views expressed in ZINDA do not necessarilyrepresent = thoseof=20 the ZINDA editors, or any of our associated staff. This = publicationreserves the=20 right,at its sole discretion, not to publishcomments = orarticlespreviously=20 printedin or submitted to other journals.ZINDA reservesthe rightto = publish and=20 republish your submission in any formor medium.All lettersand = messages =20 require the name(s) of sender and/orauthor.All messagespublished in the = SURFS=20 UP! section must be in 500 wordsorless and bear thename of the = author(s).=20 Distribution of material featuredinZINDA is not restricted,but = permission from=20 ZINDA is required. Thisservice is meant for theexchange of information, = analyses=20 and news.To subscribe,send e-mail = to:z_info@zindamagazine.com.=20

Zinda = Magazine=20
12 South First Street, Suite B11 =
San Jose, California  95113 =
Voice    = (408)=20 918-9200
 =20 Fax     (408) 289-9996=20

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