August 6, 2001

From: Subject: August 6, 2001 Date: Thu, 8 May 2003 10:45:39 -0500 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_096E_01C3154E.F71AB1A0"; type="text/html" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_096E_01C3154E.F71AB1A0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.zindamagazine.com/html/archives/2001/8.6.01/index.php August 6, 2001

Where Assyrians=20 Get Their News. =

101 San Fernando Street, Suite 505
San Jose, = CA =20 95112 U.S.
Voice (408) = 918-9200
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Volume=20 VII

Issue=20 21

August 6,=20 = 2001

return to=20 zindamagazine.com

This Week In=20 Zinda

Zinda=20 Says		Please Welcome Zindina To Zinda=20 Magazine!
The=20 Lighthouse		Why 7th of August is The Assyrian Martyrs'=20 Day? George Kiraz & The Syriac Digital Library AUA = at=20 Marbella: Part V - "Sunburnt"
Good=20 Morning Bet-Nahrain		Zowaa Leader Denies Assyrians Election = Victory In=20 North Iraq KDP Arrests & Tortures Assyrian=20 Farmer
News=20 Digest		Assyrian National Congress Press Release = on 7th=20 Assembly Conference of Bet-Nahrain Democratic Party in=20 Sweden
Surfs=20 Up!		A Scandal Magazine Father Akbulut &=20 Eichstatt University's Shalom Prize Lausanne = Who? Protests=20 Against Lausanne Syriac Digital Library Original = Songs What=20 About The Assyrian-Canadian Athletes?
Surfers=20 Corner		Assyrian Martyrs Day Commemorations in=20 Chicago Hugoye Journal Examines Women in Syriac=20 Tradition
Literatus		A Sentimental Journey: Part = IV
Assyrian=20 Surfing Posts		Iraq's Ancient Past Gradually=20 Disappearing
Bravo		August 7
Pump=20 Up the Volume		Massacre & Genocide
Back=20 to the Future		Earliest Map & the Yesdgerd II's=20 Massacres
This=20 Week in History		The Simel Massacre
Calendar=20 of Events

Zinda = Says

PLEASE WELCOME ZINDINA TO ZINDA = MAGAZINE!

Zinda magazine has traditionally been a place where readers = worldwide=20 are able to learn about historical
subjects and political = happenings,=20 as they affect the Assyrian nation.

While we continue to provide you with accurate and timely news = and=20 information, we realize that we need
to address another = important facet=20 of our nation: the social issues which our people and the youth in = particular face every day living outside of our traditional = homeland.

Today, Assyrian youths are being raised bi-culturally, which = can raise=20 many poignant and confusing issues
while trying to "be and = think=20 Assyrian" and amalgamate into another culture.

Zinda magazine would like to introduce a new column to its = readers:=20 "DEAR ZINDINA". "Zindina" is a first
generation Assyrian who is = living=20 outside the Middle East. The column will welcome any question=20 regarding
social issues our youth face today e.g. career = development,=20 relationships at home, in office or with
friends, etc. This is = the ONLY=20 place in Zinda magazine where a reader can post a question = anonymously.=20 All
questions sent by Friday at 5pm will be addressed in the = following=20 week's issue.

We trust that this addition to the magazine will interest our = readers=20 and open them up to another mindset in which to better understand=20 ourselves in Diaspora. In gaining a better understanding of our = future=20 audience, we can better convey the importance of maintaining our = heritage=20 in a bi-cultural environment.

Please send your questions to DEAR ZINDINA at zindina@zindamagazine.com.<= /P>

Zinda=20 Magazine

The Lighthouse=20

WHY 7TH OF AUGUST IS THE ASSYRIAN MARTYRS=92 = DAY?

Assyrian history is replete with the martyrdom of thousands who = were=20 massacred for the sake of their beliefs, religious or national. = Clearly,=20 too, the number of Assyrians massacred before August 1933 = especially=20 during the period of World War I is far greater than the number = killed in=20 Simel. This raises the question why Assyrians have zeroed in on = the August=20 1933 tragedy over all others. More specifically, what motivated = the=20 Assyrian Universal Alliance (AUA) in 1970 to designate the 7th of = August=20 each year as the "official" Assyrian Martyrs Day.

The rationale for selecting this particular date over several=20 alternative ones forms the central motif of my booklet, 7th of = August, The=20 Day of Assyrian Martyrs - Symbol of the Nation=92s Immortality. = Here are=20 some of the considerations.

1. The elements and trappings of nationhood typically include a = flag, a=20 slogan, an anthem, a monument to the unknown soldier (or martyrs), = heroic=20 names and legacies. The date of August 7th is a rallying symbol = expressing=20 the maturity of Assyrian national and political awareness. It = underlines=20 the importance of their national entity, and in some situations = making the=20 ultimate sacrifice for the Assyrian nation, as was the case in = August=20 1933. It is worth noting that, at the same period, i.e., in early = 1970=92s,=20 at the peak of national consciousness, a national flag, an anthem = and=20 April 1st were declared national symbols.

2. The tragedy of Simel is relatively recent, and it serves = more=20 effectively than previous massacres the contemporary ideology = relating to=20 the Assyrian nation and its politics. This is consistent with a = principle=20 of political science which holds that the emphasis on contemporary = events=20 is a better than older historical ones as a rallying point for = national=20 zeal and awareness.

3. Most of the national movement figures of 1933 were alive = until=20 recently. In addition, many eyewitnesses survive to this day. This = first-hand attestation is not only more reliable, but also more = powerful=20 than events which are recorded in books or preserved as oral = history.=20 Assyrian nationalists of the second and even of the third = generation have=20 been personally moved by the remembrances of those who lived in = the eye of=20 the storm.

4. The last three decades has seen the emergence of a number of = Assyrian political parties and nationalistic organizations. Like = all=20 political entities, these new organizations needed to be invested = with=20 acts of heroism and examples of supreme sacrifice, as a means of=20 fortifying their resolve. Still vividly in the memory of many, = Assyrian=20 political parties found the tragic event of 1933 to be a timely, = and most=20 suitable symbol for the support of national aspirations, no matter = the=20 cost.

5. The Simel massacre (and its contemporaneous Assyrian = national=20 movement) has spawned a plethora of books and other documentation = in=20 Assyrian, English, Arabic, Russian and Farsi. This unusual amount = of=20 writing served to increase awareness of the event, and eased the = way to=20 elevating its national symbolism. Worth mentioning among the many = works on=20 this subject are Mar Shimun Eshai=92s The Assyrian Tragedy (author = =91Anonymous=92 at the time of publication); Malik Yacu=92s = Assyrians and the=20 Two World Wars, and Yousef Malik=92s The British Betrayal of = Assyrians.=20 These particular works are all the more significant because they = were=20 authored by individuals who were considered leaders of the = Assyrian=20 national movement of 1933, and who remained highly visible several = years=20 after.

6. The Simel massacre and its high celebration is unique in = another=20 way. For the first time, this event was framed by the Assyrian = national=20 movement in terms more apart from religious considerations than = was ever=20 the case in previous Assyrian tragedies. While the old leadership=20 possessed strong allegiance to the church and the tribal system,=20 underneath there were nationalist embers. It seemed only natural = that such=20 a budding national movement would inspire patriotic fervor, = propelling the=20 people to the next stage, including political parties and national = organizations.

7. The August event killed thousands of Assyrians, and resulted = in=20 widespread looting and the obliteration of farms and entire = villages.=20 Obviously such savagery has a major physical component. But the = ripple=20 effect was far-reaching, with psychological, political and legal=20 consequences. From the point of view of the Iraqis, it led to=20 characterizing Assyrians as a mutinous, renegade and alien = minority, one=20 which had migrated from Turkey only to be a disruptive British = tool (a=20 fifth column) in the newly-independent country of Iraq. In turn, = this=20 Iraqi attitude translated into a series of unfair laws whose = inequities=20 have had to be borne by ensuing generations of Assyrians. A = particular=20 onerous example is the problem of obtaining the certificate of = Iraqi=20 nationality, a difficult task for all Assyrians and even more so = for any=20 known follower of the Mar Shimun. Ironically, the inherent bias of = such=20 laws towards Assyrians played into the perpetuation of Simel as a=20 watershed event, and its consequent echo on Assyrian national=20 consciousness.

The foregoing provides a justification for selecting August 7, = 1933, as=20 the Day of Assyrian Martyrs. At the same time, efforts should be = made not=20 to allow one event to overshadow the many others which have = claimed=20 thousands of Assyrian lives. With the passage of time, massacres = of olden=20 times become shrouded in the clouds of history, unless we the = people=20 refused to abandon these sacrifices. Having said that, it is=20 understandable for the morale of the nation that the focus should = be on=20 one event with a specific date. Simel symbolizes all of our other=20 tragedies as well, and our national aspirations. The AUA was right = to=20 declare it our day of mourning and of national pride.

Aprim=20 Shapera
London

GEORGE KIRAZ AND THE SYRIAC DIGITAL = LIBRARY

The Assyrian community faces an issue as serious to our = national=20 identity as the US Census 2000 issue. The Syriac Digital Library, = endorsed=20 by Zinda Magazine, needs careful consideration so that a few years = down=20 the road, we do not find that we have sold our heritage with our = own=20 hands. We cannot afford to support a project that is uncertain in = its=20 goals and confused in its breadth. It brings the seeds of = considerable=20 underlying danger. In the case of the US Census issue, we found = ourselves=20 having to defend a position that had been eroded through efforts = made=20 while we were napping. When we finally realized the extent of the = damage=20 done at the US Census Bureau, our only choice was compromise. The=20 situation we face now with regard to our heritage and identity is = similar.=20 In the following few paragraphs, I will lay out the danger as I = see it=20 from the vantage of six months of familiarity with this issue. You = may ask=20 why I did not air my reservations earlier. I did not think that = any groups=20 outside the small academic circle that works closely with the=20 Syriac/Assyrian Orthodox Church would support such a project. Now = the=20 situation is changed: George Kiraz has won endorsement from Zinda=20 Magazine, and he is making the rounds of conventions speaking = about this=20 project (and his encyclopedia project) in the hope of raising = funds. He is=20 scheduled to speak at the San Jose AANF Convention.

Let me begin by stating, without reservation, that I find Dr. = George=20 Anton Kiraz a personable, intelligent, enterprising and ambitious = young=20 man. Born in Bethlehem, of Harput ancestry, his family of = merchants has=20 nurtured many generations of supporters of the Western Assyrian = Church, at=20 the time of his grandfather called the Assyrian Apostolic Church. = He=20 himself is a Deacon of the church in Teaneck, New Jersey, the site = of the=20 seat of Archbishop Mor Cyril Aphrem Karim, the very same cleric = who=20 succeeded (1999) in changing the name of the St. Mary's Assyrian = Orthodox=20 Church in Worcester to "Syrian" at the expense of the Harput = families who=20 had built that church community during the 1920s.

George received his graduate education at Oxford University: he = has an=20 MA in Syriac studies. He studied with Sebastian Brock, the well = known=20 anti-Assyrian Syriac scholar quoted on various web sites, where he = was a=20 fellow graduate student with Susan Ashbrook Harvey, now the Syriac = specialist at Brown University. Instead of continuing in Syriac = studies,=20 George got his PhD in computer science, hence his title of Dr. and = his=20 high profile involvement with Syriac digital fonts, the = digitalization of=20 Syriac/Assyrian Orthodox melodies of the Beth Gazo, the digital = Hugoye:=20 Journal of Syriac Studies, and other works. Nothing in all this = array of=20 activity mentions Assyrians.

Whatever the native language of George's family may have been = in Harput=20 (many urban Assyrians in the Ottoman empire had dropped the = vernacular=20 Assyrian in favor of Turkish and Armenian), his first language now = is=20 Arabic, increasingly the language of the Syriac/Assyrian Orthodox = Church.=20 Trained in Church Syriac from an early age, when he is not = speaking Arabic=20 or English with community members, he can also converse in Church = Syriac.=20 When pressed on his ethnicity, he calls himself Palestinian.

The emphasis on the background of the person who is proposing = the=20 Syriac Digital Library is important because this project grows out = of his=20 personal concerns and ambitions. It is not a university project. = It is an=20 academic project in a very loose sense. If, God forbid, something = happened=20 to George, the project would either fall apart or more likely, = revert to=20 shelter wholly under the umbrella of the Archbishop in Teaneck, = New=20 Jersey, a possible next Patriarch of a church that, for the past = eighty=20 years, has tried to erase the name Assyrian.

The institution that sponsors the Syriac Digital Library is = Beth=20 Mardutho: the Syriac Institute, an organization headed by George = Kiraz.=20 Its Board of Directors are not mentioned in the literature that is = provided. What are mentioned prominently are the following:

a letter of endorsement from" His Holiness Moran Mor = Ignatius Zakka=20 I, the Patriarch of Antioch and all the East, Supreme Head of = the=20 Universal Syrian Orthodox Church" for the Syriac Digital = Library.=20

hopes to connect Beth Mardutho to St. Aphrem Theological = Seminary in=20 Ma'arrat Seydnaya (the main locale for training Bishops and = other=20 clerics of the Syriac/Assyrian Orthodox Church)

plans to digitalize books (articles, pictures etc. ) in = Syriac,=20 Arabic, Turkish, English, German and other languages from any = place and=20 any time. These will be available to any and all on the internet = under=20 the aegis of "Syriac."

The Implications: The Identity Issue

We Assyrians with our origins among the five tribes of the = Hakkari or=20 in the Urmi/Salamas plain generally are confident of our secular = identity=20 as Assyrians. We accept, in fact glory in, our identity as=20 Suryaya/Assyrian. For decades, those who call themselves Suroyo = did the=20 same. Then in the aftermath of the Genocide, when all of us were = weak and=20 driven into close contact with each other, we began to see = differences=20 among us: church differences, dialect differences, and most of = all, social=20 differences embodied in the relative integration into the larger = cultural=20 setting of urban dwellers and the independent lifestyle of = mountain=20 dwellers. Secular Assyrian identity, embodied in people like Naoum = Faik,=20 Ashur Yusuf and others in the Suryoyo community, splintered as the = urban=20 dwellers linked with the Church institution almost exclusively. = The spoken=20 Suryoyo, preserved for generations in Tur Abdin was prohibited by = the=20 Church from becoming a written language. Instead Church Syriac was = promoted. On the initiative of the Church, many Suryoyo (Siryani = in=20 Turkish) are coming to regard "Assyrian" as a created term and the = domain=20 of the Church of the East.

Today, the people who come under most pressure to abandon their = ancestral name and find it hardest to maintain their Assyrian = identity are=20 the descendants of victims of the Genocide in Turkey, the Suryoyo, = who=20 belong to the Syriac/Assyrian Orthodox Church. Whether in the = Middle East=20 or in the US, they join with other Assyrians to achieve our goals. = They=20 are members of the Assyrian American National Federation.

Of the original Assyrian churches on the East Coast, gradually = all but=20 one has been forced to abandon the term Assyrian and adopt = Syrian/Syriac.=20 The one remaining church, in Paramus, N. J., retains it name = thanks to the=20 legal training of David B. Perley. Another four churches in Sweden = also=20 have insisted on keeping the name Assyrian. The other five = churches in=20 Sweden, and all of the other churches in Europe and the Middle = East follow=20 the dominant church culture in the Orthodox community and use only = the=20 term Syrian or more recently Syriac. In 1999, the Syriac/Assyrian = Orthodox=20 Church changed its name to the Syriac Orthodox Church.

Here is where we have a problem with the Syriac Digital = Library: the=20 church name is now the name of our language, in the West, during = the=20 Christian period. If this were the sole problem, the confusion of = church=20 name and the Church Syriac as a language, we might be able to find = some=20 resolution. But the identity issue has further ramifications:

the Syriac/Assyrian Orthodox Church is the sole church whose = endorsement has been sought for this project. What about the = other=20 Syriac based Christian churches?

to what extent does this Syriac Institute fall within the = folds of=20 the patriarchal robes?

If the Syriac Digital Library will include materials in all=20 languages "from any place and time," what happens to Urmi's = Zahrira d=20 Bara? Does this too become Syriac instead of the vernacular = Assyrian=20 that it is? What about Naoum Faik's Beth Nahrain: The Assyrian=20 Newspaper? Does this too become Syriac when the editor went to = great=20 lengths to keep it Assyrian? Examples abound. What about the = Synhados,=20 what about Bar Hebraeus?

Suggestions for Improving the Project

No one should discourage an ambitious young man. But let us be = clear:=20 This is a person who will not call himself Assyrian nor should we = expect=20 him to have our interests at heart. We can benefit still from = mutual aid=20 where our interests converge. Through this project, there is = barely=20 minimal convergence at present. We should not support the project = as it=20 is. This project needs much honing to better serve our community. = This is=20 the prime concern. Here are some suggestions.

if this is a project intended to preserve and make available = materials related to our culture, why not start with the = digitalization=20 of Syriac (only) manuscripts - hundreds of them are falling = apart in=20 monasteries and in western libraries. They are not available to = any one=20 save a few who ought not to be handling them in their present = physical=20 condition anyhow.

- if this is a project with a clear goal, why not seek funds = from=20 the multitude of sources beginning with the National Endowment = for the=20 Humanities. Preservation of a culture as rich as ours deserves = and will=20 get attention IF the project is well defined and the goals and = methods=20 of achieving the goals are understood.

To how many people will the digitalization of books already = in major=20 libraries be of any use? Maybe a hundred. But if the printed = books that=20 are less available, in private monastic and church libraries = were=20 digitalized, at least they would be preserved and disseminated = to=20 scholars who are present have no opportunity to examine them at = all.=20

The project scope is far too broad and unclearly defined. The=20 initiators of this project, and its church and academic endorsers, = if they=20 do not have a hidden agenda, need to think through their project = goals and=20 scope carefully.

Exactly what defines the books (and articles, pictures and = so forth)=20 that they wish to digitalize? Where do they draw the line = between what=20 is Syriac in the narrow academic sense and what is Syriac in the = way=20 that term is defined by the Syriac/Assyrian Orthodox Church and = in the=20 community at large?

Whom is this project going to serve? Are there layman who = need to=20 access the sermons of John Stylis, Michael the Syrian, Elyas of = Nisibis?=20 If so, some notion of the numbers of people whom this will serve = will be=20 needed. Scholars can get this material through inter-library = loan.=20

Is the goal to make Church Syriac materials more easily = available to=20 scholars in digital form? This project fills that need but how = much of a=20 priority is this goal when we, in the Assyrian community have = such=20 pressing needs in education and preservation of vanishing = materials?=20

Who makes the decisions on what will be digitalized? The = donor of=20 the $250? Not to our knowledge. Then who makes the decision? =

These are among the leading questions any funding organization = would=20 demand to have clarified. We too should be asking these questions = and=20 getting clear, not obfuscating answers.

The goals and the methods as well as the institutional basis of = the=20 Syriac Digital Library remain far too ill-defined to merit support = as is.=20 Indeed, the chances are that this project could become a source of = division rather than enhancement of our culture. To those who see = the=20 initial merits of this project, one can say, bravo for recognizing = the=20 need to make good use of internet capacity. But just because a = technology=20 is available does not mean we should leap into it carelessly. = Perhaps=20 George Kiraz will direct his considerable energies to re-examining = this=20 project as should anyone who is concerned with it. Take some time = to=20 examine how it can be enhanced to serve our culture and to bring = us into=20 cooperative arrangements. We cannot afford to divert funds from=20 educational projects of real merit and long term benefit for = something=20 that is dubious in all but its superficial aspects.

Dr.=20 Eden Naby
Harvard University

AUA AT MARBELLA

Part 5: "Sunburnt"

The Assyrian Human Rights panel included a presentation by = Dr. Eden=20 Naby Frye. Dr. Naby is a cultural historian of Central Asia=20 (19^th and 20^th centuries), with admirable=20 credentials. She holds a Ph.D. degree from Columbia University = (1975),=20 with her doctoral dissertation titled "Transitional Central = Asian=20 Literature: Tajik and Uzbek Prose Fiction, 1909-1932." In the = ensuing=20 years, she authored several articles concerning that region (about = Iranians and Afghans, as well as about Tajiks and Uzbeks). In more = recent=20 times, Dr. Naby has turned away from traditional academic = pursuits, and=20 toward greater involvement in valuable Assyrian projects. These = include=20 the continued promotion of the David B. Perley Memorial = Assyrian=20 Fund (which collects materials relating to the Assyrians since = the=20 17^th century), and the establishment of the Mishael = and=20 Lillie Naby Assyrian Lecture Fund (commemorating her late = parents).=20 Both of these Funds are located at Harvard University. In = addition, thanks=20 to Dr. Naby=92s efforts, other lecture funds have been established = (at UC=20 Berkeley, and at Columbia University). Her greatest challenge may = lie=20 ahead, if she elects to tackle it. I understand that Dr. Naby = recently=20 agreed to become Honorary Editor of the Assyrian Star, the = wheezing=20 publication of the Assyrian American National Federation. Such a = titular=20 position normally does not require hands-on involvement, but any = advice=20 she provides should be of help.

For the observations which follow, I relied both on my notes, = and on=20 the helpful notes of other auditors. If the remarks quoted are not = an=20 exact replication of the speaker=92s phraseology, the reader = should know=20 that great care was taken to retain both the letter and the spirit = of Dr.=20 Naby=92s presentation.

Dr. Naby focused on "the Assyrian identity crisis," and = she=20 attributed this condition to three principal factors. I shall = touch on=20 these in the following order: ONE, religious and = secular=20 factionalism amongst the Assyrians themselves. TWO, = Kurdish=20 denial of our Assyrian name in northern Iraq. THREE, = anti-Assyrian propaganda disguised as scholarship.

- ONE = -

CLERICAL AND LAIC FACTIONALISM = AMONGST OUR=20 PEOPLE

According to Dr. Naby, one of the factors contributing to the=20 "Assyrian Identity Crisis," is the disagreements about our = name=20 among the different churches and lay groups. Her explanation of = this=20 factor was somewhat brief. Dr. Naby was not entirely clear on the = origin=20 of the problem, though my notes suggest that she traces the = current=20 schisms to the days of the League of Nations, where various = factions=20 (Chaldean, Assyro-Chaldean, Syriac) failed to close ranks as one. =

As another example of factionalism, Dr. Naby also referred = briefly to=20 the raging arguments which surrounded the Year 2000 census in the = U.S.=20 While it was not a part of her remarks, I was reminded later that = Dr. Naby=20 herself was one of the persons on the unity committee which asked = the U.S.=20 Census bureau to count all of us under the unitary rubric of=20 "Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac" (also known as the "slash-slash" = approach).

- TWO -

"KURDISH DENIAL OF OUR = ASSYRIAN=20 NAME IN NORTH IRAQ"

According to Dr. Naby, another reason for "the Assyrian = identity=20 crisis," is the Kurdish denial of our Assyrian name in North Iraq. = In=20 support, Dr. Naby cited the following examples:

A 1975 Report of the London-based Minority Rights = Group=20 (MRG);=20
A statement by Abdullah Ocalan in the early 1990=92s;=20
The statement of an American military officer who worked = in north=20 Iraq during Operation Provide Comfort; and=20
(d) The characterization of Margaret George as a = "Christian=20 Kurd" in a recent coffee table book.

This segment of Dr. Naby=92s remarks begs questioning from = two=20 standpoints.

First, I am puzzled by the decision to zero in on = north=20 Iraq, but to remain silent about the rest of Iraq. To begin = with, the=20 Assyrians of north Iraq (i.e., the area currently under = Kurdish=20 control) comprise just 3% to 7% of the Assyrian population in = Iraq.=20 And even if we disregard the demographic tilt, surely the = current=20 Baghdad regime poses far direr threats to "Assyrian identity." =

It is true that news from the north is not always = reassuring. Just=20 recently, another distressing report of vigilante action has = surfaced.=20 Some of the details remain to be verified, but it appears that = a=20 32-year old Chaldean Assyrian was beaten, summarily jailed, = and denied=20 visits by the Red Cross and UN personnel. According to his = sister, the=20 victim is accused of collaborating with the PKK (the Kurdish = guerrilla=20 group from Turkey), but she maintains that her brother=92s = major sin is=20 to own a large tract of land coveted by the Kurds. According = to some=20 U.S. Assyrians, such lawlessness is carried out by elements of = the KDP=20 who use their feud with the PKK as a smoke screen to target=20 Assyrians.

But another aspect of life in the north needs to be = mentioned in=20 contrast to the rest of Iraq. In the north, schools have been = opened=20 (authorized by the Kurdish authorities, but administered by = our=20 people) using modern Assyrian as the language of instruction. = This=20 would be utterly unthinkable in Saddam-ruled Iraq. Incidents = of=20 arbitrary violence and intimidation are obviously a source of = great=20 anxiety, yet it is clear that Assyrians in the north still = fare better=20 than under the Orwellian order prevailing in the rest of Iraq. =

If one is to discuss regimes which pose the greatest threat = to=20 "Assyrian national identity," one is hard put to rank = Saddam=92s Iraq=20 anywhere other than at the top of the list, with Turkey a = close=20 second. Inexplicably, both of these oppressors are ignored, = while the=20 "north" is not.

Second, while there may in fact be significant = "Kurdish=20 denial of our Assyrian name in north Iraq," unfortunately = the=20 evidence offered by Dr. Naby does little to prove it.

(a) The MRG Report of 1975 to which Dr. Naby refers was = titled,=20 The Kurds, and (as the title makes obvious) the sole = concern of=20 the study was the Kurds, not any other minority group in the = area.=20 Even so, the Report does refer to the solidarity of = "Christian=20 (Assyrians) =85 with their Kurdish neighbors =85 since = 1961." In other=20 words, the Report does not ignore the word Assyrian; it = includes it.=20 But even if it were otherwise, it must be remembered that the = Minority=20 Rights Group has produced dozens of Reports, each focusing on = a=20 different minority people. There is no reason to believe that = the MRG,=20 which enjoys an impeccable reputation for its accuracy and its = commitment to human rights, is either obsessed with the Kurds, = or that=20 it is anti-Assyrian. Moreover, MRG Reports represent the best = research=20 effort of the MRG non-governmental organization. To use it as = evidence=20 of "Kurdish denial of our =85 name" implies that the = MRG is just=20 a mouthpiece for the Kurds, which surely Dr. Naby cannot mean = to=20 say.

(b) Regarding the statement of Abdullah Ocalan, Dr. Naby = herself=20 identified him as the former leader (now in a Turkish prison) = of the=20 PKK. But the PKK is a political/guerilla group comprised of = Kurds in=20 Turkey, engaged in a struggle against the Turkish government. = In other=20 words, the PKK and its leaders are Turkish Kurds, not Iraqi = Kurds. It=20 is unclear why this would be pertinent to "North Iraq." If one = wished=20 to demonstrate "Kurdish denial of the Assyrian name in = north=20 Iraq," it would be more relevant to know what the two = leaders of=20 Iraqi Kurdistan have said on the subject, namely, Barzani = (KDP) and=20 Talabani (PUK). Dr. Naby does not offer any anti-Assyrian = remarks by=20 either of these figures.
Dr. Naby referred to a U.S. military officer who lectured = at=20 Harvard University about his work in north Iraq, and in the = course of=20 his remarks the officer mentioned "Christian Kurds." = During my=20 visit to north Iraq in the early = 1990=92s, I visited=20 the UNICEF office based in Dohuk. The head of that office was = a Dutch=20 woman who struck me as well-educated. Her important work = included the=20 coordination of humanitarian efforts by all the = non-governmental=20 organizations operating in the area.=20
Notwithstanding her educated background and her significant = job, I=20 learned that this woman was unaware of the existence of modern = Assyrians, much less their presence in her own area of = responsibility.=20 Like the U.S. military officer who spoke at Harvard, this = UNICEF=20 official knew about the presence of "Christian Kurds," = but she=20 did not know of Assyrians until I explained the matter to her. = Since=20 much of the north Iraq Assyrian population, such as it is, = resides in=20 Dohuk, the utter ignorance of the UNICEF officer in their = midst is all=20 the more astonishing. However, more than anything else, this = would=20 seem to say more about the failure of Assyrians in north Iraq = to make=20 themselves adequately known. While it is evident that both a = U.S.=20 military officer and a Dutch official at UNICEF were mistaken = on the=20 issue of our identity, neither of these individuals is = Kurdish. In the=20 absence of other evidence, it is unreasonable to interpret = this as=20 "Kurdish denial of the Assyrian name in north Iraq." =
Dr. Naby also refers to Margaret = George, who was=20 a member of the Kurdish = resistance=20 movement. Dr. Naby notes that in a = coffee=20 table book, Margaret George is identified as a "Christian = Kurdish=20 fighter". Dr. Naby must be referring to Susan Meiselas=92=20 Kurdistan: In the Shadow of History (November 1997), = and in=20 particular to Pages 254-5, where Ms George is remembered with = several=20 photographs, including a most elegant full-page one in her = guerrilla=20 garb. The book=92s author is not Kurdish, but American. Among = the dozens=20 of books she has illustrated or written, this appears the only = one=20 about Kurds. There is no evidence to suggest that Meiselas is=20 "anti-Assyrian". Frankly, it challenges common sense to = suppose that=20 one photo among hundreds in a 408-page book prepared by a = Westerner=20 represents evidence of a "Kurdish denial of the Assyrian = name in=20 north Iraq", even if the inclusion of the word "Assyrian" = would=20 have been a more complete identification of Margaret George.=20

In addition, this book=92s BIOGRAPHY Section = includes a=20 six-line entry for Margaret George, where in fact she is = identified as an=20 Assyrian Christian (p.378). Also, the book=92s GLOSSARY (pp.382, = et seq.)=20 includes ample entries not only for "Assyrians," but also for = "Chaldeans"=20 and "Nestorians." All of this is also evident by cursory = examination of=20 the book=92s INDEX, which includes several page references for = "Assyrians."=20

- THREE = -

ANTI-ASSYRIAN = PROPAGANDA PRESENTED=20 AS SCHOLARSHIP

Most surprising to me was the third leg of Dr. Naby=92s = explanation for=20 our "Assyrian identity crisis" -- what she called=20 =91insidious=92 academic writing. According to her, the = miscreants=20 include Dr. John Joseph, Dr. Sebastian Brock, and "writings = from Oxford=20 University graduates, by scholars of classical Syriac and of = Syriac=20 Christianity." She compared this flock to "blind men who = fail to=20 see the entire elephant," contrasting these "myopic = few" to=20 scholars of superior knowledge of Assyrian culture and = language,=20 such as those "at the Universities of Helsinki and = Toronto."=20 Here, she was presumably referring to Dr. Simo Parpola (Helsinki) = and Dr.=20 Amir Harrak (Toronto). Respectfully, I disagree.

I personally consider Dr. Joseph a distinguished scholar, one = who has=20 spent his entire career on the religious histories of = "Nestorians,"=20 "Chaldeans," and "Syrian Orthodox." His scholarship has rankled = many=20 modern Assyrians =96 especially Church of the East adherents =96 = starting with=20 his Ph.D. dissertation ("The Nestorians and their Muslim=20 Neighbors," Princeton University, 1957). Dr. Joseph has = maintained=20 that there is no significant evidence to support the proposition = that the=20 modern Assyrians are the direct descendants of the ancient ones. = But any=20 ambivalence on this issue is anathema to many of his kinfolk, and = his=20 skepticism has spawned a cottage industry of Assyrian critics, = each=20 seeking to voice a greater outrage than the next.

While she considers Dr. Joseph a "myopic" scholar, she = is=20 incorrect to pigeon hole him among "the few" to hold this = view.=20 Quite the contrary, his doubts regarding the historicity of modern = Assyrians is anything but unique. In fact, it is shared almost = unanimously=20 in the academic community, and the skeptics even include Harvard = faculty=20 who are personally known to Dr. Naby.

Dr. Joseph is a familiar whipping boy for a group of Assyrians=20 displeased with his research conclusions, and his criticism is = hardly new.=20 As for the censure of Dr. Sebastian Brock, I admit to = astonishment. All of=20 his colleagues consider Dr. Brock the gold standard in Syriac = Studies. He=20 is a man of immense learning, a prolific scholar, broad-minded, = and=20 generous to a fault. He is in greater demand than any other = scholar at=20 international symposia. He respects the Assyrian modern = identity,=20 and he has been a friend to the Assyrian community in Britain. Dr. = Brock=20 is one of a few scholars in the field of Syriac Christianity who = calls the=20 Church of the East with its modern name "Assyrian Church of the = East" when he refers to the modern = period, and he=20 is known to encourage his students (=91the new = generations of=20 scholars=92) to do so out of respect for the adherents of that = church.=20 Indeed, Dr. Brock=92s bona fides are further validated by the news = of Zinda=20 Magazine=92s support of the Beth Mardutho fundraising campaign for = "Project=20 eBethArk=E9: The Syriac Digital Library." In partnership with = several=20 universities, this project will offer on the internet thousands of = texts=20 previously unavailable. According to Dr. Brock: "To have all = this=20 material that is out of copyright collected together and made = available in=20 this way, would be an immensely valuable service, not only to = scholars=20 working in this and the many related academic fields, but also to = the=20 wider public and above all, to people belonging to the different = Churches=20 of Syriac tradition."

Frankly, Dr. Brock should actually be lauded as a great = defender of=20 Assyrian faith and theology. His article "The 'Nestorian' = Church: A=20 Lamentable Misnomer" (in Coakley and Parry (eds), = The=20 Church of the East: Life and Thought, Bulletin of the John = Rylands=20 University Library of Manchester, vol. 78, no. 3, 1996, pp. 23-35) = not=20 only calls upon scholars to stop labeling this church = "Nestorian",=20 but also presents its faith as "Orthodox" and not heretical. His = published=20 positions in ecumenical meetings of Pro Oriente should further = impress=20 Assyrians as a defender of their faith.

In fact, Dr. Brock's scholarship is not only appreciated by = Western=20 academics, but also by the Syriac-speaking world. The Pope, at the = request=20 of the Maronites, decorated him as "Knight of St. = Sylvester"=20 (a great honor in the Roman Church). The Syriac Orthodox Patriarch = Zakka I=20 bestowed upon him the "Decoration of St. Ephrem" with the = rank of=20 "Commander", the highest decorative rank that the Syriac = Orthodox=20 Church gives to non-clergy.

For all of these reasons, one would like to know of the = specifics=20 underpinning Dr. Naby=92s criticism of Dr. Brock and his Oxford=20 progenies.

In contrast to Dr. Joseph, Dr. Brock, and their acolytes, Dr. = Naby has=20 praise for Dr. Amir Harrak of Toronto University. Dr. Harrak is a = Syrian=20 catholic by faith, and an honorable man I have been privileged to = meet on=20 several occasions. He is not only affable, but a hard-working = scholar who=20 has been especially productive the past 15 years. In reviewing the = long=20 list of his articles, one comes across terms such as = "Aram=E9en,"=20 "West Syriac," and "Early Syriac Christian," but it = would be=20 a challenge to find the term "Assyrian" except in reference = to=20 ancient history (his specialty). In other words, Dr. Naby appears = to hold=20 him up for his contributions to the issue of historicity (linkage = of=20 ancient Assyrians to the moderns), yet I have not heard him speak = on this,=20 nor am I aware that he has authored anything on this subject.

Dr. Naby=92s admiration for Dr. Parpola of Helsinki University = seems to=20 be avidly shared by a number of pop historians in the Assyrian = community,=20 even if his thesis raises eyebrows among his academic peers. I = must admit=20 that my comfort level (as a non-academic) with Dr. Parpola was = severely=20 tested after learning some of his positions. For example, in a=20 presentation at the 1999 annual convention of the Assyrian = American=20 National Federation, Dr. Parpola declared that, in the final = analysis, the=20 Assyrian empire had "never been destroyed at all but had just = changed=20 ownership," that the Assyrian Empire "continued to live on = despite=20 the fact that the Assyrians themselves were no longer in control = of=20 it," and that "many features and dogmas of early = Christianity were=20 based on practices and ideas already central to Assyrian imperial = ideology=20 and religion."

In closing I would note that Dr. Naby, clearly an Assyrian = devotee,=20 recently declared in another forum that her specialty lies = elsewhere:=20 "I am neither an Assyriologist, an ancient historian, a = Semitecist=20 [sic], nor a specialist on Assyrians. My field is cultural = historian of=20 Central Asia in the 19th/20th centuries." One appreciates such = candor,=20 and this might even explain some of the factual lapses and = non-sequiturs=20 in her Marbella presentation.

But clearly, by virtue of her academic persona, Dr. Naby = carries a=20 certain cachet which obligates a greater degree of care in her=20 pronouncements. "When the Doctor speaks, the audience=20 listens."

Francis=20 Sarguis
California

Good Morning = Bet-Nahrain

ZOWAA LEADER DISPUTES MUNICIPAL ELECTION VICTORY IN = NORTH=20 IRAQ

(ZNDA: Sydney) In an exclusive interview with SBS Assyrian = Radio=20 Program last week, Secretary General of the Assyrian Democratic = Movement,=20 Mr. Yonadam Yosip, denied Zinda's July 23rd report regarding the=20 Bet-Nahrain Democratic Party's election results. According to Mr. = Yosip=20 "no Assyrian won any elections by means of Assyrian votes in the=20 municipalities mentioned in the report."

The area in Iraq, north of 36-parallel, is currently under the=20 protection of the U.S. and British forces and receives economic = support=20 through the Oil-For-Food Program (UN Security Council Resolution = 986)=20 sponsored by the United Nations. A majority of the people in this = area are=20 Kurdish whose allegiance is divided between the supporters of = Massud=20 Barazani's Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) in the western areas = and=20 Jalaal Talabani's Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) in the east. = The=20 Assyrian Democratic Movement forces and majority of the Assyrian=20 inhabitants are mainly located in the Barazani-controlled areas = where the=20 May 2001 Municipal Elections took place.

Based on the information received from the Bet-Nahrain = Democratic=20 Party, Zinda Magazine reported that several BNDP representatives = won the=20 Municipal Elections. The ADM supporters had boycotted the = elections in=20 reaction to the KDP's "lack of concern for the rights of the = Assyrian=20 people in this region". The ADM (Zowaa) candidates were not = represented on=20 any tickets. Mr. Yosip, in his interview notes that: "the = individuals=20 mentioned in the report were not voted in by Assyrians, rather our = neighbors. No Assyrian has won any municipal elections through the = votes=20 of the Assyrians alone. These individuals are KDP-sympathizers and = they=20 were voted in by non-Assyrians." Mr. Yosip explained that "We did = not=20 accept KDP's stand on the rights of the Assyrian people and are = still=20 working on this issue to help our people".

Mr. Yosip also denied BNDP's reference to a meeting in Salah = al'Deen=20 two weeks before the Municipal Elections where Massoud Barzani had = allegedly told the ADM leadership that "he or his group do not = represent=20 the Assyrian population in the region and the elections are free,=20 democratic and open to all political parties operating in the = region." Mr.=20 Yosip commented that he was sitting inches away from the KDP = leadership=20 and no such information was communicated during this meeting.

Mr. Yonadam Yosip is also a member of the cabinet of the = Kurdish=20 Regional Government. The new cabinet elections will be held in = September=20 2001.

In response to Mr. Wilson Younan's question during the radio = interview=20 last week, Mr Yosip explained that there exist close economic ties = between=20 the north and Baghdad due to the dependency of the rest of the = country on=20 the water and oil coming from the north, and in turn the food = received=20 from the Oil-For-Food program from the sale of the oil in Baghdad. = Mr.=20 Yosip also commented that the commercial transits continue = operating=20 between Iran and Iraq in the East - the area under the control of=20 Talabani's PUK forces. Mr. Yosip also put in plain words that at = this time=20 the Kurdish factions in the North are discussing their future ties = with=20 the government in Baghdad.

According to the July 23rd report published in al-Zamman = Newspaper, the=20 PUK and KDP announced, in a joint communiqu=E9, their commitment = to the=20 unity of Iraq and their readiness to "engage in a dialogue with = the Iraqi=20 regime to solve the Kurdish question". A clear indication of the = weakening=20 of the U.S.-backed Iraqi National Congress, an oppostion group to = Saddam=20 Hussei, the agreement was signed by both Kurdish leaders. It = demands the=20 government in Baghdad's respect for and endorsement of the laws = and=20 decrees passed by the Kurdistan Parliament in 1992. The = communiqu=E9 is also=20 viewed by observers in the West as closer cooperation between the = two=20 rival Kurdish groups. On July 15, Saddam Hussein during an award = ceremony=20 commented that ""We wanted our people in Kurdistan region...to = deal with=20 the events and circumstances, good and bad in details to reach a=20 satisfaction of their own choice." Until this year, Saddam Hussein = had=20 severed all ties with the Kurds in the North who have aligned = themselves=20 with the other members of the Iraqi National Congress, an = organization=20 established to topple the government in Baghdad.

Two days before Saddam's speech, Iraq's education ministry = announced=20 that it was about to send three million text books to school = children in=20 North Iraq. Hussein Mohammad Kadduri, Head of the Ministry's = Kurdish=20 Studies Department, told Al-Iraq newspaper that the books will be=20 delivered to Arbil, Sulaymaniya and Dahuk. The move was "testimony = to=20 President Saddam Hussein's interest in his Kurdish sons and their = culture,=20 including knowledge of the Kurdish language in teaching," Kadduri = said.=20

In his final comments Mr. Yonadam Yosip asked his listeners = "not to=20 trust everything that is printed in the Assyrian media" and = invited anyone=20 to North Iraq to "witness the truth first hand=85no matter whether = you are a=20 Zowaa supporter or not." Mr. Yosip also asked that the = disagreements=20 between two political parties, namely the ADM and KDP, not be = interpreted=20 as hostility between the Assyrian and the Kurdish people in North=20 Iraq.

KDP=20 ARRESTS AND TORTURES ASSYRIAN FARMER

(ZNDA: Chicago) Last week, the Assyrian Information News Agency = reported that Mr. Youkhana Yalda Khaie, 32, a farmer in North Iraq = was=20 apprehended by the KDP forces and according to the United Nations = (UN)=20 personnel held in solitary confinement in a KDP political office. = AINA=20 reports that Mr. Khaie was moved to Fermandy Prison in Duhok. His = fianc=E9,=20 during two visits on April 20 and May 20, discovered that Mr. = Khaei had=20 been "severely whipped in the face and legs with a wire cable by = two KDP=20 agents=85badly scarred and unable to stand or walk." The AINA = reports that=20 the "extent of his beatings was so profound and disfiguring that = Youkhana=20 was removed from the prison for four days during an inspection by = the=20 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) so that the extent = of his=20 torture would not be discovered."

Mr. Khaei and his family have denied any ties to the Kurdish = Worker's=20 Party (PKK) a Marxist Kurdish group and a rival to Mr. Massoud = Barazani's=20 KDP (Kurdistan Democratic Party). In a brief analysis of the = circumstances=20 surrounding Mr. Khaei's arrest, AINA explains that "the = predominantly=20 Behdanani tribes of the KDP have conveniently used their blood = feud with=20 the Kurmanji tribes of the PKK to target Assyrian civilians = literally=20 caught in the crossfire. For its part, the PKK as it had similarly = systematically done in southern Turkey, often enters an Assyrian = village=20 under cover of night and demands assistance by threat of arms. = Fearing=20 violent reprisals, unarmed Assyrian villagers are unable to = refuse. Those=20 villagers acquiescing to PKK demands then find themselves = suffering=20 violent attacks by KDP thugs the following day=85 The underlying = motivation=20 of this KDP policy is to heighten fear and intimidation of = Assyrians so=20 that they abandon Assyrian lands."

Zinda's sources in North Iraq indicate that smuggling of food = and=20 provisions to the PKK-dominated areas in northern Bet-Nahrain has = become a=20 lucrative enterprise for inhabitants of North Iraq, most of them = having no=20 political or social ties to this separatist Kurdish organizations. = According to one such report Mr. Khaei, under intense torture, may = have=20 admitted to smuggling cigarettes to the PKK areas.

While KDP has arrested many of its own sympathizers in an = effort to=20 curb the smuggle of provisions to PKK, Zinda sources in the North = explain=20 that none have been tortured in prison to the extent that Mr. = Youkhana=20 Yalda Khaie has suffered. Mr. Khaie was to be married two weeks = after his=20 arrest.

For AINA's full report visit [www.aina.org/torture.htm]

News=20 Digest

ASSYRIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS PRESS RELEASE ON 7TH = ASSEMBLY IN=20 SWEDEN

Assyrian National Congress
Stockholm, Sweden
July = 1,=20 2001

The Seventh General Assembly of the Assyrian National Congress = met in=20 Stockholm, Sweden on June 29 - July 1, 2001. Assyrian delegates = from=20 sixteen countries, representing Assyrian associations, clubs and = political=20 parties, were in attendance. The congress received a large number = of=20 supporting and congratulatory E-mails, letters, and telephone = calls from=20 Assyrian organizations, foreign governments, friendly Iraqi = opposition=20 groups and prominent individuals. The opening ceremonies were = attended by=20 several members of the Swedish parliament and by the head and = officials of=20 the European Branch of Kurdistan Democratic Party.

In the closing session of the General Assembly, the delegates = renewed=20 their commitment to the short and long terms objectives of the = Assyrian=20 National Congress and declared their support to ANC's continuous = work in=20 the international arena, especially its work with several organs = of the=20 United Nations, and its efforts to defend the Assyrian identity = and gain=20 recognition for the Assyrians worldwide. The delegates appreciated = the=20 close relationship of the ANC with the Iraqi opposition groups and = with=20 the Regional Kurdish Government in Northern Iraq to further our = national=20 objectives in the homeland.

The Assyrian National Congress believes in democracy and = pluralism.=20 Therefore, the Assyrian United Front, the political arm of the = ANC, will=20 open a new dialogue with other Assyrian political entities to = invite them=20 to the Eight General Assembly of the ANC, the Assyrian parliament. = The ANC=20 will strengthen its relationship with all governments and Iraqi = opposition=20 groups. This relationship will be based on join efforts and mutual = interests to bring about a united, democratic and federated Iraq. = This is=20 of benefit Iraqis, including Assyrian people.

The Seventh General Assembly decided to form an Assyrian World=20 Confederation, to function as the social and educational arm of = the ANC.=20 This Confederation will consist of Assyrian social clubs and = educational=20 institutions worldwide. A large number of such entities have = already=20 affiliated themselves with the AWC. The congress also decided to = establish=20 an Assyrian National Fund based on ideas formulated at the = Stockholm=20 congress. To further the aims of the congress in the field of = education, a=20 special ANC delegation attended the 47th Assyriology Conference = sponsored=20 by the University of Helsinki in Finland on July 2-6, 2001.

The Assyrian National Congress, was formed on March 17, 1983 is = the=20 only logical way to establish a truly collective and democratic = leadership=20 for Assyrian Nation. The Seventh General Assembly strengthened the = ANC's=20 structural plan and furthered its national objectives. We call = upon all=20 Assyrians to support the efforts of the Assyrian National = Congress. This=20 by the Grace of God.

Assyrian National Congress
Stockholm, Sweden
July = 1,=20 2001

The Political Bureau of the ANC published the following = requests during=20 the 7th Assembly from the Kurdish authorities:

1- A resolution to be adopted in Kurdish constitution = pertaining to the=20 recognition of the Assyrians and Assyrians as indigence people of = that=20 land
2- Creation of an Assyrian province (state) in the North = with a=20 full self-governing rights.

PB-ANC writes: "the above proposals are yet another step for = Kurdish=20 people and Kurdish authorities to prove to the Assyrians and to = the world=20 of their intention in creating a democratic federal system in the = North. A=20 democratic federal system should be for all its citizens including = their=20 major minorities. The Assyrian province (state) would recognize = the=20 Assyrians as an important minority of that reign with its full=20 rights."

CONFERENCE OF BET-NAHRAIN DEMOCRATIC PARTY IN=20 SWEDEN

The following is a press release of the Bet-Nahrain Democratic = Party=20 from Stockholm & London on July 6, 2001.

This years annual conference of Bet-Nahrain Democratic Party = was held=20 in Stockholm Sweden and London, England on June 30 July 6, = 2001=20 during the meeting of the 7th General Assembly of the Assyrian = National=20 Congress. Delegates from all eight branches of BNDP were in=20 attendance.

The conference commenced with a minute of silence in honor of = the=20 Assyrians martyrs, including our party's martyr, the beloved = brother=20 Albert Okaro. Welcoming remarks were delivered by the President,=20 Vice-President and Secretary General of the BNDP. Several reports = from=20 party branches and special committees were discussed freely and = acted upon=20 in a brotherly manner and in a most democratic atmosphere.

The conference deliberated on several topics included in its = agenda,=20 such as:
1- The overall situations of the Assyrians in the = world.
2-=20 The present situation in Iraq and the economic sanctions imposed = by the=20 United Nations.
3- Party's relations with Assyrian political = entities=20 and the Iraqi opposition groups.
4- The work of the Assyrian = National=20 Congress and its quest to strengthen Assyrian unity.

The conference decided the following:

1- BNDP supports the idea of a united, democratic and = frederated Iraq=20 in which all segments of the Iraqi society will flourish and live = in=20 peace.
2- Total and continued support for the party's efforts = in=20 Iraq.
3- BNDP supports the programs of the Assyrian National = Congress=20 and its efforts to unite the Assyrians under a collective and = democratic=20 leadership. The party note with pride the establishment of the = Assyrian=20 World Confederation, the educational and social arm of ANC.
4- = BNDP=20 values the support of the Kurdish Regional Government, the Arab = and=20 Turkman political parties for the Assyrians in their quest to = regain their=20 national and human rights.
5- The conference thanks our = compatriots in=20 the 5th Branch of BNDP in Europe for their unceasing efforts to = make this=20 year's conference so successful.

The conference ended its meetings in London by appointing = several=20 committees to proceed with the implementation of its decisions. = The BNDP=20 Congress will be held next year.

=A8=A8=A8=A8=A8

ZINDA=20 MAGAZINE STANDS CORRECTED!

In our last issue we reported that a series of = Assyrian=20 sports events were being held in Tehran, Iran. This information = was based=20 on a report by the Armenian AZG Newspaper. Last Friday the = Assyrian=20 Universal Alliance informed our office in California that the = games are=20 being held rather in Urmia, not Tehran. The event is hailed as the = Tammuz=20 Games. According to the same report more then 35 athletes from = Dohuk=20 (Assyrian Nohadra) & Arbil in Iraq and 37 from Armenia are=20 participating in these games.

Surfs Up! =

A SCANDAL MAGAZINE

"Have you now denigrated to the level of a scandal = magazine?=20 What sources are you quoting with reference to His Grace Mar = Aprim?=20 How many people have you talked to that support His Grace and = believe=20 that he was the victim here. Do you have any facts to back up = your=20 assertion?

I truly enjoy the magazine, but this was an editorial = comment, not=20 a factual matter that can be corroborated."

Mark Jacob Thomas
Chicago

Mr. Thomas is a Chicago law attorney (Mark = Jacob=20 Thomas & Associates, 11 S. La Salle Street, Suite 2800) = whose=20 advice is sought by local and national Assyrian organizations = (i.e.=20 Assyrian American National Federation).

Our reader refers to the "Sex, Lies, and = Video Tape"=20 article published in the editorial section of the July 23rd = issue. The=20 information regarding Mar Aprim's "Yasmin Affairs" was = provided in an=20 article published in the Chicago Tribune (see Zinda May 30, = 2000). The=20 information regarding Mar Aprim's meetings prior to the = assassination=20 of the late-Patriarch Mar Ishai Shimun is noted in the Public = Records=20 of The Trial Proceedings of The Assassination of His Holiness = Mar=20 Eshai Shimun XXIII.

FATHER AKBULUT & = EICHSTATT=20 UNIVERSITY'S SHALOM PRIZE

"We have been notified that YOUSOUF ABQLUT, the recently = acquitted=20 priest in Turkey, along with ISA GUTTE, another member of the = Syrian=20 Orthodox Church have been awarded the Shalom prize by the = Catholic=20 University of Eichstatt in Germany."

Association Assyrophile de France

At press time Zinda Magazine was unable to confirm this = report.

LAUSANNE WHO?

"A few months ago, I emailed you some feed back about what = a great=20 job you are doing, and keep up the good work. I also asked you = to give=20 some background about issues you are reporting so your readers = with=20 any knowledge background can follow, comprehend, and = understand the=20 importance of the news you are reporting.

For example in this week's issue you have a report about = renouncing=20 the "LAUSANNE treaty". What is Lausanne treaty? Who signed it? = What=20 are implications to the Assyrian nation? Why should I care? = Does this=20 sound ignorant to you? Well the bad news is, that this is a = well=20 spread and common problem between your readers.

I realize this is a popular style of today's journalism in = the=20 U.S.; but there are bad motives behind this style, which don't = apply,=20 and shouldn't apply to Zinda. Therefore, I would like to ask = Zinda=20 again to educate public about issues they are reporting, since = the=20 resources to get education about different Assyrian events is = very=20 limited. Unfortunately the burden is on Zinda's shoulders for = public=20 education. Otherwise the whole purpose of reporting such = events is=20 defeated. Your time is wasted since you haven't reached your = audience=20 the way you have intended, and my time is wasted since I read=20 something, without understanding of what I just read. You = might think,=20 that this will make a report unnecessarily long, and this is = true if I=20 already know about Lausanne treaty. In these cases maybe you = can=20 create a hyperlink on the word LAUSANNE TREATY for those of us = who=20 don't know about this subject, and explain this in a different = area.=20 Pretty soon you will have a library of such information, that = people=20 can use as a reference library."

Ashour Yadegar

PROTESTS AGAINST LAUSANNE

"From July 21st through July 24th, 2001 the Assyrian/Syriac = people=20 organized a march to protest the seventy-eight (78) year old = Treaty of=20 Lausanne which affected our people severely. The Bethnahrin = Freedom=20 Party (GHB) organized this protest march. More than 180 people = walked=20 from Bern, before the Federal Parliament of Switzerland, to = Chateau=20 Rumin in Lausanne, where the treaty was signed. The trip was = 102=20 kilometers and it took four days. The activists handed a = letter to the=20 president of Switzerland and all the party chairmen with the = following=20 demand from Switzerland:

Seventy-eight (78) years ago a treaty was signed in your = country.=20 In that treaty, which was called the Treaty of Lausanne, there = were=20 articles (articles 37-45) referring to the rights of the = non-Muslim=20 minorities in Turkey. While the rights of other minorities = were=20 honoured, those of the Assyrian-Syriac people were stripped = away and=20 these articles ignored. Therefore, we ask that the Swiss = government=20 put pressure on the Turkish government to uphold the Lausanne = Treaty,=20 which was also signed by Turkey, and to honour the minority = rights of=20 the Assyrian-Syriac people in Turkey.

The Assyrian-Chaldean-Syriac Union (ACSU) has also sent = letters=20 with information and documents to all the countries who had = signed the=20 Treaty of Lausanne seventy-eight years ago. Those countries = were Great=20 Britain, France, Italy, Japan, Greece, Romania,=20 Serbia-Croatia-Slovenia, and Turkey. The letters have been = sent to the=20 leaders of those countries and to the embassies of those = countries in=20 Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, The Netherlands, and = Sweden."

Fikri Aygur
Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac=20 Union
Chairman

SYRIAC DIGITAL LIBRARY

"I was very glad to learn, in Zinda Magazine last issue, = the=20 project which concerns the creation of a Syriac Digital = Library. This=20 project is remarkable and very important for our Assyrian = nation and=20 for our Syriac culture. I congratulate you very much. I shall = give=20 this information to all my French friends. I shall be happy to = bring=20 my support and my collaboration to this magnificent = project."

Dr.=20 Ephrem-Isa Yousif
France

ORIGINAL SONGS

"Zinda please have = some=20 respect for our nationalistic Assyrian singers! I have a lot = of=20 respect for Walter Aziz as an entertainer but it's not fair to = say=20 "many other Assyrian musicians present the old sound with new = CD=20 covers"! The "many other Assyrian musicians" that you're = referring to=20 are artists who have devoted their life for our music. They = became=20 famous by singing "original songs" and not bunch of Arabic, = Persian,=20 or Spanish songs. Singers like Linda George, Ashur Sargis, = Ogin, and=20 Evin Agassi have so many beautiful songs that we've been = listening to=20 them for years.

Unfortunately, nowadays it's just the = beat of=20 a song that makes it popular.

We are forgetting the importance of lyrics and the message = of a=20 song. Songs like "Mirror of Deception" from Ashur or = "Khazadeh" from=20 Evin will stay forever while non-original songs will be = forgotten=20 soon."

Nahrin Jacobs
Chicago

WHAT ABOUT THE ASSYRIAN-CANADIAN = ATHLETES?

"How about the issue with the Assyrian Athletic Club Of = Toronto???=20 How come everyone is ignoring the fact that the Assyrian = National=20 Champions of 2000 are intentionally ignored by the AANF in the = upcoming convention in
San Jose?

Is it that Assyrian Canadians do not count anymore ?

Mr. Ashur Enwiya of the Athletic Committee with the support = of the=20 Federation chopped off the Outside-USA Assyrians Arm from the = Athletic=20 committee only after they won the championship in 2000 against = a team=20 that Ashur himself coached into the final!

Are you about to write about this DISCRIMINATION ????

How can these power driven people justify their = actions?"

Layth Jato
President
Assyrian Athletic Club of=20 = Toronto

Surfers=20 Corner

ASSYRIAN MARTYRS DAY COMMEMORATIONS IN = CHICAGO

The 7th of August has been designated as a Memorial Day for = Assyrian=20 Martyrs. Although this observance is of a comparatively recent = date, it=20 has gained widespread acceptance among the Assyrian people. And = this is=20 justly so. Every nation needs to have a day set aside for the = remembrance=20 of those who gave their lives for the preservation of their = cultural and=20 ethnic identity. This is especially important for the Assyrian = Nation,=20 which has given so many martyrs in the defense of their national,=20 cultural, heritage, and ethnic rights.

The following programs have been dedicated to the remembrance = of the=20 Assyrian Martyrs Day:

Tuesday August 7

11:00 am
Ribbon Cutting of the Assyrian Display =
Main=20 lobby of Thompson Building (State of Illinois Building)
100 = West=20 Randolph Street, Downtown Chicago

3:00 PM
Tribute to the Assyrian Martyrs = Monument
Montrose=20 Cemetery, 5400 North Pulaski, Chicago

7:00 PM
Special Martyrs Day Ceremony
Assyrian = Social Club,=20 6313 North Pulaski, Chicago

9:00 PM - Midnight
Special Radio Program
Assyrian = Night=20 Star, on 1590, on your AM radio dial

August 6 - Friday 10, 2001
Assyrian Display
Main = lobby of=20 Thompson Building (State of Illinois Building),
100 West = Randolph=20 Street, Downtown Chicago

All Assyrian Radio & TV programs will have a partial = program during=20 their respected airtime

Joseph=20 Tamraz
Assyrian American National Federation
Midwest = Regional=20 Director

HUGOYE JOURNAL EXAMINES WOMEN IN SYRIAC = TRADITION

Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute (http://www.bethmardutho.org/)=20 published today a special issue of its academic periodical Hugoye: = Journal=20 of Syriac Studies on "Women in Syriac Tradition" (Vol. 4, No. 2). = The=20 issue is available electronically on the Institute's home page, = and in a=20 printed edition available later this year. Membership to Beth = Mardutho=20 includes a complimentary subscription to the printed edition of = Hugoye. To=20 become a member, go to http://www.bethmardutho.org and click on=20 membership.

The special issue contains four papers, two = project=20 reports, three book reviews, two conference reports, four = conference=20 announcements, and two advertisements. The issue honors Empress = Theodora=20 on her 1500th anniversary. Prof. Susan Harvey of Brown University, = the=20 Special Issue editor, explains "the editors of Hugoye decided to = dedicate=20 an issue to the topic of 'Women in Syriac Tradition', in an effort = to=20 situate Theodora's memory within a better understanding of the = role women=20 have played and the contributions they have made to the long = history of=20 Syriac tradition. The topic remains an understudied one, although=20 important strides have been made in recent years."

The = first paper=20 by Michael Penn takes up the complicated evidence of the early = church=20 rule, the Didascalia Apostolorum, to demonstrate that in the third = and=20 fourth centuries widowed women held positions of significant = prominence=20 and honor in the Christian communities of the eastern Roman = provinces. The=20 second paper by Adam Lehto provides a careful reassessment of = Aphrahat's=20 presentation of women - both in history and in the church of his = day -=20 arguing for a substantially revised understanding of the Persian = sage's=20 position. The two remaining articles look at two prominent women = from=20 widely differing times and places. The third paper by Susan Harvey = looks=20 at the particular historiographical process by which Syriac = chroniclers=20 cultivated their memory of Theodora, Empress of Byzantium, over = the=20 centuries; the culmination of this process came in the late = twelfth and=20 early thirteenth centuries with the emergence of the legends that = claim=20 Theodora as a native Syriac Orthodox, daughter of a faithful = priest who=20 served her people despite her marriage to the persecuting emperor=20 Justinian. The fourth paper by Avril Makhlouf takes up the longer=20 trajectory of Syrian history by studying this important yet = little-known=20 (to western scholars at least) Maronite nun of the eighteenth = century,=20 Hindiyya.

In the short papers section, Karel Innem=E9e = continues to=20 present reports on the conservation work that is taking place at = Deir=20 al-Surian in Egypt. George Kiraz gives the first report on the = Syriac=20 Digital Library project which aims to build the largest collection = of=20 books, journal articles, pictures, and maps on the = Internet.

The=20 Book Reviews section contains a review of Elizabeth Fowden's The = Barbarian=20 Plain: Saint Sergius between Rome and Iran (1999) by Kathleen E. = McVey, a=20 review of F. Trombley and J. Watt's The Chronicle of Pseudo-Joshua = the=20 Stylite (2000) by Jan J. Van Ginkel, and a review of Theodor = N=F6ldeke's=20 Compendious Syriac Grammar... [with] The handwritten additions in = Theodor=20 N=F6ldeke's personal copy (2001) by Lucas Van Rompay.

Two = conference=20 reports are given, one on the Syriac session of the American = Oriental=20 Society meeting (March 2001), and the second on the Syriac papers = given at=20 the North American Patristic Society meeting (DATE). Four = forthcoming=20 conference announcements appear in the issue.

For the first = time=20 Hugoye contains advertisements. ATLA Serials advertises its = Digital=20 Journal Project. Brill Academic Publishers announce a special = summer offer=20 on Syriac and biblical books, some at 50% and 75%. Parties = interested in=20 advertising in future issues of Hugoye may contact the General = Editor at=20 gkiraz@bethmardutho.org.

With this issue, Hugoye is now = XHTML 1.0=20 compliant, using cascading style sheets. Readers using older = browsers such=20 as Netscape 4.0 or IE 4.0 may not see the formatting as=20 intended.

The Journal is available electronically from http://www.bethmardutho.org/.

Hugoye=20 Journal

A SENTIMENTAL JOURNEY
Part IV

Late in the fall of 1921, I ran into someone I had known in = Persia-an=20 Aissor.

Remember those dark little men who sat on the street corners in = with=20 shoe brushes? They also led trained monkeys through streets. These = men are=20 as ancient as cobblestones. They're Aissors-mountain Aissors.

One day I was walking down the street and decided to get my = shoes=20 shined. I went up to a man sitting on the corner in a wicker with = the legs=20 sawed off. Without looking at him, I put my on his box.

It hadn't gotten cold yet, but I was wearing a white rabbitskin = and=20 there were beads of sweat on my brow.
One boot had already been = shined.=20 I took off my cap.

"Shklovsky," said the man shining my boots.

"Shklovsky," he said, putting down his shoe brushes.

I recognized him. He was an Aissor named Lazar Zervandov, who = had=20 commanded a cavalry detachment of the Aissor army in northern = Persia.

I looked around.

Everything was peaceful, except that the four black horses on = the=20 Anichkov Bridge were charging in different directions.

The Aissors lived in Mesopotamia, in the province of Van = (eastern=20 Turkey), and also in Russian Transcaucasia, around Dilman and = Urmia.=20 They're divided into the Maronites and Jacobites, who live in the = area=20 once dominated by ancient Nineveh, now the city of Mosul (hence = the word=20 "muslin"); into the mountain Aissors, incorrectly called "dzhelou" = by the=20 Persians (actually, that's the name for only one branch of the = mountain=20 Aissors); and into the Persian Aissors.

The mountain Aissors are Nestorians; that is, they don't = recognize=20 Jesus as God. The Maronites and Jacobites embraced Catholicism, = but in=20 Urmia, the ancient Christian, but heretical, souls of the Aissors = were=20 being pursued by missions of all denominations: English, American=20 Baptists, French Catholics, German Protestants and a few = others.

There were no missions in the Aissors' mountains. There the = Aissors=20 lived in villages governed by priests. Several villages form one = branch-a=20 clan governed by a malik, or chieftain-and all the maliks obeyed = the=20 patriarch, Mar Shimun.

The right to the title of patriarch belongs only to the branch=20 descended from Simon, the brother of the Lord.
In January 1918, = the=20 Russian soldiers went home.

The Aissors' home was in Persia and even those who had come = from Turkey=20 stayed in Persia, because in Turkey they would have been massacred = by the=20 Kurds.

The Aissors formed their own army.

Even under the tsar the Russians had recruited two battalions = of=20 Aissors. Not all the Aissors went into these battalions; instead, = they=20 formed a guerrilla detachment under the command of Aga Petros, who = was no=20 one's fool.
This same Aga Petros I once took away from the = soldiers of=20 the Third Frontier Regiment when they were getting ready to = bayonet=20 him.

My friend Aga Petros! We will meet again sometime here in the = East, for=20 the East now begins in Pskov, but before it began in Verzhbolovo; = now it=20 goes uninterruptedly through India to Borneo, Sumatra and Java-as = far as=20 the duck-billed platypus in Australia! But the English colonials = have put=20 the platypus in a jar of alcohol and made Australia part of the = West.

No, never again will I see Aga Petros, since I will die on = Nevsky=20 Prospekt across from the Kazan Cathedral.
So I wrote in = Petersburg. Now=20 the place ordained for my death changed: I will die in the flying = coffin=20 of the Berlin subway.

Aga Petros was a stocky man with an unusual chest, stuck out if = on=20 purpose and decorated with the freshly polished gold of Order of = St.=20 George, First Degree.

Aga Petros had shined shoes in New York and just possibly had a = trained=20 monkey around the streets of Buenos Aires.

In any case, he had been sentenced to hard labor in = Philadelphia. Back=20 home, he had lived in the mountains as a bandit. Then he was = vice-governor=20 for the Turks and thoroughly pillaged the province. Then he became = a big=20 man in Persia. One time he got mad about something, arrested the = governor=20 of Urmia, put him in cellar and let him go only when the shah gave = him a=20 medal.

He was the unofficial dragoman for our embassy and commander of = the=20 guerrilla detachment.

The Russian soldiers had gone home-vanished as completely as = water into=20 the ground. They left a lot of guns behind.

The Aissors were armed. The Armenians had organized into a = national=20 militia.

They started disarming the Persians. Old scores were = settled.

The first time the Russian troops had pulled out of Urmia (in = 1914),=20 the Persians massacred the Aissors who stayed behind because they = had been=20 fighting for the Russians.

The Aissors had taken sanctuary in the American mission, nder = the=20 protection of Doctor Shedd. Bread was baked at the mission to feed = the=20 refugees. The Persians added ground glass and filings to the flour = and the=20 refugees died in droves. It was like rowing a bomb into a small = pond full=20 of fish.

The guerrilla detachment of Aga Petros intensified still more = enmity of=20 the Persians toward the Aissors. Since most of them came from = other=20 regions, they had nothing of their own and we didn't feed = them.

In short, they looted.

The guerrillas walked through the bazaar in their pants made = from=20 scraps of calico and their leather sandals; each of them had a = bomb tucked=20 into his sash. The Persian women pointed them out to their = children and=20 said, "There goes death."

As for me, if I had been in Persia then, I would have butted = into this=20 fight on the Aissors' side.

And I don't know why.

Is it possibly because in Petersburg I'm used to seeing the = Turkish=20 cannons that stand by the Monument to Glory on Izmailovsky = Prospekt?

The Turks would have certainly massacred me-on purpose, not by=20 mistake.

During the withdrawal of the Russians from Persia, there had = been a=20 skirmish. The Persians attacked the last Russian troops to = withdraw and=20 the Aissors attacked the Persians.

Aga Petros (I've just thought of his last name-Elov) put = cannons on=20 Jewish Mountain, which is just outside Urmia, and wrecked the = town.

The Aissors generally understand the importance of occupying = the=20 commanding heights.

The Persian Cossacks had fought on the side of the Persians. = They had=20 been trained by Russian instructors as support for the = counterrevolution=20 in Persia.

In these battles, however, they fought not as representatives = of the=20 shah, but as representatives of the nation.

The Persian Cossacks were led by Colonel Stolder, a man with = much=20 influence at the Persian court. The Armenians and Aissors were led = by=20 Colonel Kondratiev and the Russian officers and sergeants who had = stayed=20 behind to help form the new national armies.

Many of them are in Mesopotamia now. They're splashed all over = the=20 world like drops of blood on the grass.

The Persians were beaten. Stolder and his daughter were = captured and=20 then killed.

The disarmament of the Persians began.

This was managed with artillery-forty to fifty shells lobbed = into every=20 village.

The villages in Persia are made of clay.

About thirty thousand rifles were confiscated.

Then the Kurd Sinko said, "Mar Shimun, come and see me. I too = want to=20 surrender my guns."

The Kurd Sinko occupied the Kuchin Pass-between Urmia and = Dilman.

The Kurds have never had a state: they live as families and = tribes.

The families form tribes, each governed by a khan.

Sinko wasn't a khan by birth.

He ascended to the Kuchin throne by means of intelligence and = cunning.=20 He duped the former Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich, who had hoped = to win a=20 Kurdish unit over to the Russian side, and managed to get rifles = and even=20 machine guns from him and thereby rise even higher.

Sinko duped us constantly. Because of him we lost the hay = stored in=20 Diza. He had promised to give us camels and then didn't. He wasn't = at all=20 afraid of us. He said that forty Kurds could drive off a whole = Russian=20 regiment.

Aga Petros often recommended attacking Sinko's tribe in the = winter,=20 because when you drive these people from their homes in the = winter, they=20 perish.

Sinko wrote Mar Shimun: "Come and take our guns."

Mar Shimun took three hundred horsemen with him and they rode = the fine=20 horses just stolen from the Persians; he summoned his brother, got = in his=20 carriage and they all went to see Sinko.

The convoy rode into Sinko's courtyard. Mar Shimun and his = brother went=20 inside the house.

The Kurds started climbing onto the roofs and the Kurds had = rifles in=20 their hands.

The Aissors asked, "Why are you climbing onto the roofs?"

And they answered, "Because we're afraid of you."

"But why the rifles?"

The Kurds didn't explain the rifles.

Mar Shimun's brother walked out of the house.

He was cursing and he said, "There was no need to come and see = this=20 dog. No good will come of it. Let those who value their 7 lives go = home."

But they couldn't go home and desert the patriarch.

The Aissors stayed.

It's not I who tell all this, but Lazar, Petersburg bootblack,=20 commander of a cavalry detachment and member of the army council-a = Bolshevik by conviction.

Later he came to see me and drink tea.

He was calm. There was a meeting of Opoyaz at my place that = day.=20 Zervandov took off his heavy overcoat and sat down at the table. = He drank=20 tea. He refused butter because he was fasting just then. Then he = turned to=20 one of my comrades and said, "Look where I find Shklovsky!" To = him, I=20 seemed exotic here in Petersburg.

Lazar continued his story=85.Then Mar Shimun himself ran out of = the house=20 cursing.

The officer-instructor Vasiliev gave the command "To horse" and = then=20 from the Kurds on the roof came a volley of shots like a bell, = then=20 another volley; then machine guns opened up.

The horses reared, men shouted-complete pandemonium.

Those who could make it set off on the gallop, but most of them = stayed=20 where they fell.

Lazar lagged behind. He had a big horse, which took fright so = he was=20 the last to gallop away.

He saw the patriarch running, running in mud up to his = knees.

Mar Shimun was running in the mud without a rifle.

On his chest near the shoulder a wound-blood.

A small wound-not fatal.

"Lazar," said the patriarch, taking hold of his stirrup, = "Lazar, these=20 fools have deserted me."

Lazar tried to get the patriarch on his horse. Just then blood = covered=20 his head and Mar Shimun fell back.

The Kurds kept shooting, shooting from the roofs.

Volley after volley, friendly as a bell.

Lazar urged on his horse. The remnants of the convoy made their = way=20 through Kurds armed with sabers. On the outskirts of the village, = Lazar's=20 horse was killed under him and he was wounded.

Another bootblack, the one who sits on Nevsky Prospekt across = from the=20 House of Arts and sells shoe polish, also got away-got away = seriously=20 wounded.

They rode to the next Aissor village and said, "The patriarch = has been=20 killed."

At first no one believed it. Then they saw the wounds.

They rode back to Urmia, collected an army of fifteen thousand = men and=20 set out. They hurried, but it's far from Urmia to the Kuchin Pass = and the=20 road goes through the mountains; it's far, too, from the pass to = Sinko's=20 village and all through the mountains.

They arrived at night.

They looked for the body.

They found the body of the patriarch.

Undressed, but not mutilated. The Kurds hadn't cut off his = head, which=20 meant they hadn't recognized him.
They were shooting, shooting = from the=20 roofs.

By morning, the Aissors had massacred everyone in the = village.

But Sinko escaped.

He had scattered pieces of gold on the floor of his palace.

The soldiers rushed to pick up the gold and the khan escaped = through a=20 secret passage.

ar Shimun was of less than average height; he wore a fez = wrapped in a=20 turban and a cassock; on his chest he wore an old I Arabic = crucifix, which=20 he said dated from the fourth century.

He had red cheeks-a dark, rich red-the eyes of a child, white = teeth and=20 gray hair. He was twenty-six years old.
He always went into = battle with=20 a rifle in hand. His only I complaint was that the three-shot = French Lebel=20 rifles which we supplied to the Aissors were breechloaders: these = rifles=20 burned their hands when they had to use the bayonets.

He had a simple heart.

When the Russians were pulling out of Persia, he had asked us = for=20 rifles and cannons (we gave him about forty rifles), as well as 7 = the rank=20 of second lieutenant for all his maliks (chieftains) or else the = right to=20 confer the rank of second lieutenant; for himself, he asked an=20 automobile.

Too bad we didn't comply.

Second lieutenant's epaulettes would have looked good on these = men with=20 their felt caps and their wide pants made from scraps of bright = calico and=20 tied with a rope below the knee; on this na=EFve and valiant army = commanded=20 by Mar Shimun, descendant of Simon the brother of Christ, those = second=20 lieutenants' epaulettes would have certainly looked good.

That's not Lazar speaking.

The Aissors were left without Mar Shimun.

The snow in the mountain passes is deep-up to a camel's = nostrils.

But the snow had melted.

The Turks came through the passes and advanced on Urmia.

Colonel Kondratiev turned the Turks back with his Aissor and = Armenian=20 cavalry and took two battalions captive.

The situation seemed to have improved. Lazar complained to me = about Aga=20 Petros: "When you went to the home of a Persian, there you found = already=20 the men of Aga Petros. Aga Petros took much gold from Persia."

He complained further: "This Aga Petros was most interested in = gold. He=20 held a sector of the front and said that he had three thousand = men; in=20 fact, he had only three hundred men and the Turks broke = through."

One Aissor cavalry unit was stationed in the mountains.

One morning the men went down to a stream to wash. On the other = side of=20 the stream they saw mules and packs.
And men also coming to = wash.

Turks.

These men were startled to see each other at the stream.

If the Aissors had only seen the Turks come through the gorge = below=20 them in the night, they could have crushed them with rocks.

The Turks had broken through.

The Aissors had no shells for their cannons.

We had attempted to take all our ammunition back to Russia, but = we=20 simply abandoned it en route-we no longer had any use for it.

The small amount left behind had been squandered by the = ecstatic=20 Aissors when they bombarded the Persian villages.

They couldn't retreat to Russia: the route had been cut. In = fact, the=20 Turks were already heading for Tiflis.
The Aissors decided to = head for=20 the English in Baghdad. They were joined by the Armenians, under = the=20 command of Stepanians-a Russian Armenian, Petersburg student, then = a=20 lieutenant and former chairman of the army committee.

In Persia he had quickly acquired the necessary savagery and = turned out=20 to be a born leader.

With him went his wife, a Russian med student. All told, = 2,50,000=20 people set out from Urmia-men, women and children. A Russian = detachment=20 led the way; the Aissors who had previously served with the = Russians=20 brought up the rear; volunteers from among the Ashurite (mountain) = Aissors=20 guarded the flanks in the mountains.

Most of the people marched in the middle with the women and=20 children.

There was no road. It was necessary to go along the Turkish = front or,=20 more exactly, through the Turkish and Kurdish mountains.

On all sides were Turks and Kurds and Persians-a hostile, 7 = choppy sea=20 of Moslems-with shots from behind the rocks and battles beneath = the crags=20 in gorges where swift rivers flow through the rocks and rocks fall = from=20 the crags, and crags, always crags- 7 the Persian crags like = powerful=20 waves, like the rock ripples of an
entire sea of rock.

The Aissors kept going because they're a great nation.

They left the gorges and proceeded through the mountains.

There was no water. They ate snow for twelve days.

The horses fell.

Then they took horses away from the old men and gave them to = the young.=20 It was no longer a question of saving individuals, but of the = nation.

Then they abandoned the old women.

Then they began to abandon their children.

It took a month to reach English territory in Baghdad.

To be=20 continued=85

Literatus

Assyrian Surfing=20 Posts

Iraq's Ancient Past Gradually = Disappearing
[ http://www.ami= da.com.au/features/genohistory.html=20 ]

Pump Up the=20 Volume

ENGLISH	ASSYRIAN	GENDER	EXAMPLE
Massacre	PIRMA	Masculine	Pirma d'Semele : The Semel Massacre
Genocide	PRAM-YOOBALA	Feminine	PRAM-Yoobala d'1915: The 1915=20 Genocide

Bravo

AUGUST 7

In honoring the memory of the Assyrian Martyrs, Zinda Magazine=20 withholds the content of this week's BRAVO section.

On August 7, join other Assyrians around the world in = remembering the=20 hundreds of thousands of individuals who lost their lives since = the Fall=20 of Assyrian Empire to preserve the Assyrian national identity and=20 Christian faith in Bet-Nahrain and the Middle East.

Zinda=20 Magazine

Back to the=20 Future

(2400 B.C.)

The earliest known map was found at Nuzi near today's Kirkuk in = Iraq,=20 dating from the dynasty of Sargon of Akkad.

Atour.com [history]

(A.D. 448)

"One of the most horrifying massacres occurred in the year 448, = in=20 modern day Kirkuk. The King Yasdegerd II began a wave of = persecution of=20 Assyrians (and Armenians, in Azerbaijan) throughout Persia. A = massacre of=20 ten bishops and 153,000 clergy and laity took place in several = consecutive=20 days of slaughter on the mound of Karka d'Bait Sluk (Kirkuk). = Local=20 tradition still asserts that the red gravel of the hillock was = stained=20 that color by the martyrs' blood, and the martyrium built over the = bodies=20 remains to this day=85 The place where this massacre occurred, to = this day,=20 bears the name of the Persian executioner, who was led by the = sight of the=20 endurance and faith of the people he was butchering to believe = that their=20 faith must truly be from God, and who joined them in their = confession, and=20 fate -- Tamasgerd was baptized in his own blood."

Introduction to the History of the Assyrian = Church,=20 Wigram

This Week In=20 History

August 4-11, 1933

"The Assyrian population of the village of Simel was = indiscriminately=20 massacred; men women, and children alike. In one room alone, 81 = Assyrians=20 from Baz were barbarously massacred. Priests were tortured and = their=20 bodies mutilated. Girls were raped and women violated and made to = march=20 naked before the Arab army commanders. Holy books were used as = fuel for=20 burning girls. Children were run over by military cars. Pregnant = women=20 were bayoneted. Children were flung in the air and pierced on to = the=20 points of bayonets. In Dohuk 600 Assyrians were killed."

The=20 Tragedy of the Assyrians, = Stafford

SAN=20 JOSE
SARGON=20 GABRIEL PARTY

Presented by the Assyrian = Eagles=20 Basketball & Soccer Teams of Bay Area
Introducing new singing = sensations: =20 Ninev & Nina
Gyros/Shawurma provided by George's = Catering=20

7:00 PM =
Assyrian Church of the East = Hall=20 (Awana)
680 Minnesota=20 Avenue, San Jose=20

Donation: = $20.00=20
Proceeds from the raffle = tickets to=20 benefit Assyrian Aid Society of San Jose=20

For Tickets & Infor=20 contact:
Nora     408-927-7376 =
Yousif  =20 408-261-9908
Fred      = 408-885-1500=20
Ninev   =20 408-655-0245
Ghanim=20 408-243-6033

Calendar of=20 Events

Share your local events with = Zinda=20 readers. Email us or send fax to: =20 408-918-9201

Concert

Dance Party

Drama

Lecture/Seminar

Museum/Exhibits=20

August = 7=20

MARTYRS = DAY=20

A day to commemorate the = Assyrian=20 martyrs throughout history.

August=20 7

SYDNEY=20
MARTYRS DAY COMMEMORATION & = GENOCIDE=20

Assyrian Universal Alliance (AUA) Australian Chapter in = collaboration=20 with the Assyrian Australian Academic Society, the Assyrian = Australian=20 National Federation and the Holy Apostolic and Catholic Church of = the=20 East, commemorate the Assyrian Martyrs Day.=20

6:30 PM
Edessa = Reception Hall -=20 St Hurmizd's Cathedral
5-9 = Greenfield Road,=20 Greenfield Park. Sydney

August=20 9

SYDNEY=20
ASSYRIAN MARTYRS, THEIR SPIRITS LIVE = ON=20

An Assyria Youth Initiative
Fairfield AMPHITHREATRE
Spencer St.=20 Fairfield NSW
4:00-7:30 PM=20

Drama "Smeleh" and other youth = activities.=20
Speakers:
-UNNSW = Representative=20 on Genocide
-Amnesty International NSW = branch Mr=20 Anton Boski on latest human rights report=20

Collect your free badge from the Assyria Youth Association = members in=20 your area and please wear it throughout the week 6th Aug to 12th = Aug 2001=20

For more information e-mail us on=20 assyria_youth@hotmail.com

August=20 12

CHICAGO=20
FILM: "CRADLE OF = CIVILIZATION"=20

University of Chicago's Oriental = Institute=20
Breasted Hall
1:30=20 PM
Free Admission =

August=20 17

August 28 = - Sept=20 3

SAN JOSE,=20 CALIFORNIA
ASSYRIAN = AMERICAN=20 NATIONAL CONVENTION

Wednesday
September 19

LONDON=20
A PERFORMANCE OF SUMERIAN = STORIES=20

The Zi-Pang Trio
The = Kufa=20 Gallery
26 Westbourne Grove=20

Entrance Free
Contact =20 fran@hazelton.greatxscape.net

November 8=20 thru
March 17,=20 2002

LONDON=20
AGATHA CHRISTI & THE ORIENT =

Revealing Agatha Christie the archaeologist and = how her=20 discoveries in the Near East influenced her detective=20 writing. =20

The hitherto unknown interests and talents of the great crime = writer=20 are told through archaeological finds from the sites on which she = worked=20 with her husband Max Mallowan at Ur, Nineveh and Nimrud. Important = objects=20 from these sites in the Museum's collections are combined with = archives,=20 photographs, and films made by Agatha Christie herself. =20

Personal memorabilia and souvenirs of travel in a more = leisurely age=20 are only some of the exhibits which range from first editions of = those=20 novels inspired by her other life to a sleeping compartment from = the=20 Orient Express, from a lethal 1930s hypodermic syringe to a = priceless=20 first millennium ivory of a man being mauled to death =20

Admissions =A37, Concessions =A33.50=20

West Wing Exhibition Gallery Room 28 =

=20

Sat-Tue=20
November = 17-20=20

SAN=20 FRANCISCO
MIDDLE EAST = STUDIES=20 ASSOCIATION CONFERENCE

Middle East Studies Association of North = America=20 Panel
"The Assyrians of Iran - From = Contributions=20 to Diaspora"
co-sponsored by the = Assyrian=20 Academic Society
& the Society for = Iranian=20 Studies=20

Hyatt Regency Hotel, San Francisco=20

Dr. Arian Ishaya - Urmia to Baquba: From = the=20 Cradle of Water to Wilderness
Dr. Eden = Naby=20 -: Zahrira d Bahra - The First Newspaper in Iran =
Dr. K. Shakeri - Living in Purgatory: The = Assyrians of Iran=20 in the Twentieth Century
Mr. Ronald = Thomaszadeh -=20 Iranian Assyrians in the Azarbaijan Crisis of 1945-46 =
Discussant: Prof. Houshang = Chahabi -=20 political science - Boston University =20

Zinda Article: CLICK=20 HERE
For more information CLICK = HERE=20

Wed-Fri
November 21-23

LONDON=20
THE NIMROD CONFERENCE

Sponsored by the British School of Archaeology = in=20 Iraq
British Museum's Clore = Centre=20
Gt Russell St WC1=20

Cost To Be Determined=20

Contact Dept of Ancient Near East 020 7323 = 8315=20
or email: TheBSAI@aol.com, tel 01440=20 785244.=20

Coincides with Ancient Near East week at the = British=20 Museum:
"Whodunnit in Assyria. = For full=20 details contact: Sam Moorhead, Education
Department, The British Museum, London WC1B 3DG, tel.=20 020-7323-8432

Saturday
November 24

TORONTO=20
FIRST UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO's CSSS=20 SYMPOSIUM

Sponsored by Canadian Society for Syriac = Studies=20 (CSSS)
Five Lectures on the Origins of = Syriac=20 Christianity
Syriac hymns by two Church = Choruses
Middle Eastern Food =
University of Toronto
More = information to=20 be provided in the upcoming issues =

Thank=20 You!

Zindamagazine would like to = thank:

Ninous Bebla=20 Bila
(California)

= SHARE YOUR INFORMATION WITH READERS IN = 55 COUNTRIES=20 BY INCLUDING ZINDA MAGAZINE IN YOUR COMMUNITY OR ORGANIZATION'S MAILING = LIST.=20 DISTRIBUTE FREELY.

ZINDA Magazine is published = weekly. =20 Views expressed in ZINDA do not necessarily represent those of the = ZINDA=20 editors, or any of our associated staff. This publication reserves the = right, at=20 its sole discretion, not to publish comments or articles previously = printed in=20 or submitted to other journals. ZINDA reserves the right to = publish and=20 republish your submission in any form or medium. All letters and=20 messages require the name(s) of sender and/or author. All = messages=20 published in the SURFS UP! section must be in 500 words or less and bear = the=20 name of the author(s). Distribution of material = featured in=20 ZINDA is not restricted, but permission from ZINDA is required. This = service is=20 meant for the exchange of information, analyses and news. To = subscribe,=20 send e-mail to: z_info@zindamagazine.com.=20

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