October 12, 2000

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Z = I N D=20 A M A G A Z I N=20 E

Tishrin I 12,=20 = 6750 &nb= sp; =20 Volume=20 = VI = ; =20 Issue=20 = 26 = ; =20 October 12, = 2000

Advertiseme= nt=20 Info Contact=20 Us Archives =
To receive our weekly notification message or this issue = in text=20 format write to z_info@zindamagazine.com.

T H I S W E E = K I=20 N Z I N D=20 A

The=20 Lighthouse	An Assyrian was the Developer of Oracle=20 Technology
Good=20 Morning Bet-Nahrain	Police in Turkey Arrest Assyrian-Syriac = Priest=20 Iran to Open an Office for Iraqi National=20 Congress
News=20 Digest	U.S. Federal Judge Rejects ANC's Census=20 Protest
Surfs=20 Up	"getting depressed over it"
Surfers=20 Corner	Patriarch's Consecration to be Celebrated in San = Francisco
Literatus	Easterners We are Despite the Sad = Truth
Bravo!	Dr. Ephrem-Isa Yousif
Milestones	Joash E. Paul
Assyrian=20 Surfing Posts	Latest Issue of Nakosha = Magazine
Pump=20 Up the Volume	Window & Door
Back=20 to the Future	Akhenaton of Egypt & the Ottoman=20 Assyrians
This=20 Week in History	Mar Dinkha IV
Calendar=20 of Events	October = 2000

All blue=20 links throughout this issue are hyperlinks to other sections on this = page or=20 featured websites.

THE=20 = LIGHTHOUSE

ASSYRIAN MAN WAS DEVELOPER = OF ORACLE=20 TECHNOLOGY

In September an article written = by Walter=20 Gottesman of the Chicago Tribune shocked the Assyrian communities when = the name=20 of an Assyrian man was mentioned in association with the second-largest = software=20 company in the world. The article entitled "High-Tech Donor Helps = Out=20 Roosevelt Millions Given by Sister of Man Behind Oracle" revealed the = identity=20 of Robert Miner, an Assyrian from Urmia, Iran who was also the developer = of the=20 relational database technology used every day a majority of Fortune 500=20 companies.=20

Robert Miner, who died six = years ago after=20 a year-long battle with Mesothelioma, a cancer of the = lining of the lung, designed the first = commercial=20 relational database management system in the world. The Miners, an = Assyrian family, emigrated from Ada, a village in northeast Iran, after = several=20 members of their family, including the father and his two sons, were = killed=20 during the 1914-1918 massacres against the Christians in Iran and the = Ottoman=20 Empire. After a stay in Chicago the family settled in Cicero where = Robert,=20 his three sisters and two brothers grew up. Robert Miner graduated = from=20 the University of Illinois in the 1960s.=20

After college, Robert Miner = pursued a=20 career in computer science. In 1977, after gaining computer design = experience in=20 France and the United States, he co-founded Software Development Labs. = This=20 later became Oracle Corporation. Over the years, he successfully = contributed to=20 Oracle's growth and = stature in=20 the software area. Mr. Miner gave anonymously to many organizations. He = was=20 particularly interested in giving to educational institutions to provide = opportunities that many young people otherwise might not = have.=20

One of Robert's sisters, = Florence Miner,=20 was honored last month with a plaque unveiled by Roosevelt University = President=20 Theodore Gross, for her family's donation of millions of dollars. = The=20 exact amount was not revealed per Ms. Miner's request, but according to = the=20 University officials it was greater than the previous largest donation = of =20 $4.5 million. Miner's donation was used to build two classrooms, = each with=20 24 computers, and a third classroom where students can design computer = hardware=20 at Roosevelt University in Schaumburg. The School of Computer = Science and=20 Telecommunications is headquartered at Roosevelt's Albert A. Robin = Campus in=20 Schaumburg. It also will have classrooms and offices in the university's new Center = for=20 Professional Advancement in downtown Chicago when it opens in November=20 2000.=20

Miner's donation also helped = create a=20 scholarship fund to aid qualifying students. The donation was made = possible by transferal of Miner Family's shares in Oracle = Corporation. =20 Over 730 students study telecommunications and computer science at = Roosevelt=20 University. In his speech Gross noted that "Robert Miner revered=20 education...The Miner family's story is one of the great American = stories ... an=20 immigrant family braving persecution, coming to = America."=20

Oracle Corporation (Nasdaq: = ORCL) develops=20 software for information management and after Microsoft Corporation is = the=20 world's second largest independent software company. Oracle's = annual=20 revenues are over $10 billion. 96 percent of all Fortune 50 = companies use=20 Oracle info-management software in 145 countries around the world. = Headquartered in Redwood Shores, California, Oracle boasts a headcount = of 43,000=20 employees worldwide. According to Fortune Magazine, the Chief = Executive=20 Officer of Oracle Corp, Larry Ellison, is now the second richest = American with a=20 personal wealth of over 50 billion dollars.

GOOD MORNING=20 = BET-NAHRAIN

POLICE IN TURKEY ARREST = ASSYRIAN=20 PRIEST

(ZNRU: Diyarbakir) Last = Thursday,=20 Turkish police arrested a "Syriac" priest after he allegedly told = newspapers his=20 Christian minority community had been the victims of genocide carried = out by=20 Turks. =

Police in the southeastern city = of=20 Diyarbakir told Reuters they had detained and questioned Father Yusuf = Akbulut=20 about stories in Turkish newspapers quoting him as saying Turks had=20 systematically killed Syriac Christians in the = southeast.=20

Turkish officials have been = outraged by a=20 U.S. Congressional panel's approval last week of a non-binding = resolution urging=20 U.S. President Bill Clinton to characterize the killings of Armenians in = the=20 latter days of the Ottoman Empire as genocide. Turkey = rejects the=20 charges, emphasizing the context of widespread partisan fighting in = Anatolia in=20 1915, and characterizes an Armenian minority as rebels carrying out = Russian=20 plans to carve up the country.=20

Police said a prosecutor had = freed Akbulut,=20 who denied having claimed his community had suffered genocide at the = hands of=20 Turks. According to an Assyrian Democratic Organization = spokesperson, less=20 than 2000 Assyrian-Syriac families currently live in Turkey's mainly = Kurdish=20 southeast region of Tur-Abdin. =20

IRAN TO OPEN AN OFFICE FOR = IRAQI=20 NATIONAL CONGRESS

(ZNDA: Tehran) As = reported by=20 Radio Liberty last week, according to the London-based "Al-Hayat) Iran = has=20 agreed to allow the Iraqi National Congress, the main opposition = coalition=20 against Saddam Hussein, to open an office in Tehran. The funding = of this=20 project will be done with U.S. funding. Last week the U.S. = lawmakers=20 agreed to an additional 4 million dollar support of the ANC activities = in=20 northern Iraq.=20

London's "Sunday Times" = reported on 1=20 October that the U.S. and the opposition had reached an agreement to = resume=20 military operations inside Iraq for the first time in six years, in = addition to=20 opening offices in Washington, Iraqi Kurdistan, as well as Tehran. = According to Frank Ricciardone, the U.S. coordinator of the Iraqi = opposition's=20 activities, issues of military activities by the opposition inside Iraq = were not=20 touched upon in talks about the opposition's plans for the $4 = million. =20 "Sunday Times" cited INC sources who said that there is an intention "to = carry=20 out operations inside Iraq aimed at building support for democracy, = helping=20 internal opposition, and providing humanitarian aid."=20

Elsewhere the Iraqi National = Alliance Group=20 issued a statement following its London meetings on 30 September-1 = October,=20 accusing the United States, Great Britain, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and = Turkey of=20 aggression against Iraq, condemned the sanctions and called for a = dialogue with=20 the current regime in Iraq.=20

Radio Liberty report was compiled by David=20 Nissman.
=20

NEWS=20 DIGEST

U.S. FEDERAL JUDGE REJECTS = ANC'S CENSUS=20 PROTEST

Article from the Modesto Bee; = written by=20 Jerry Bier on October 7=20

(ZNMB: Fresno) = District=20 Judge Robert E. Coyle has rejected claims by Assyrian protesters = who=20 challenged a Census Bureau decision on how the agency categorizes = members of the=20 ancient ethnic group.
In a=20 ruling filed last Friday, Judge Coyle granted a government motion to = throw out=20 the challenge by the Assyrian National Congress and affiliated=20 organizations. Modesto Assyrian leaders were solemn when they = learned of=20 the judge's decision and promised to appeal it.=20

The group -- with many = residents from=20 Stanislaus County -- protested in front of the federal courthouse here = in July=20 before a hearing over the bureau's decision to change the "Assyrian" = category to=20 "Assyrian-Chaldean-Syriac" in this year's census. Assyrians = objected=20 because they believe the Census Bureau is lumping together ethnic and = religious=20 categories improperly, Modesto's Sargon Dadesho has = said.=20

Dadesho is president of the = Assyrian=20 National Congress, which sued the Census Bureau. He was one of the = leaders of=20 the protest and said Assyrians believe the Iraqi government is behind = the=20 change. But Coyle said the petition by the Assyrian organization = was "long=20 on rhetoric and short on the law. Merely saying so does not prove=20 it."=20

The judge said there was = evidence presented=20 to the court that "Chaldean is an ethnic group as well as a religion. = The=20 Assyrian-Chaldean-Syriac category tabulates ancestry or ethnicity. It = does not=20 tabulate and will not result in the publication of religious=20 affiliations."=20

The decision to include the = Assyrians,=20 whose civilization dates to 661 B.C., in the combined category was made = after=20 the Census Bureau conferred with various organizations, including=20 representatives of the Assyrian Universal Alliance and the = Assyrian-American=20 National Federation, Coyle noted in his 50-page opinion granting the=20 government's motion to dismiss the case.=20

"I'm very surprised because I = thought we=20 had a strong case," said Janet Shummon, president of Bet-Nahrain, the = Assyrian=20 organization in Ceres that owns KBSV Channel 23, an Assyrian-language TV = station, and KBES, an Assyrian-language radio = station.=20

Shummon said the Census Bureau = contacted=20 only a few key people in the Universal Alliance and the National = Federation.=20 And, she said, the National Federation includes member organizations = that were=20 not contacted during the decision-making process, and those members = later wrote=20 letters to protest the label "Assyrian-Chaldean-Syriac." Shummon = and=20 Dadesho said they will appeal the ruling. "We don't like the idea = of=20 dividing our nation into three different nationalities, creating three = nations=20 out of one," Dadesho said.=20

While the ruling may not have = an=20 immediately noticeable effect on the lives of Assyrians in the United = States,=20 Dadesho said, it will have an adverse effect on the Assyrian national = cause in=20 Iraq and is similar to measures taken against Assyrians in Iraq. = "This is=20 the same policy the Iraqi government has followed," Dadesho said. = "Trying to=20 split (Assyrians) up into three different nations to weaken=20 Assyrians."=20

Dadesho said Chaldean was a = name given to=20 Assyrians who joined the Roman Catholic Church in 1551, and Syriac is = the name=20 of the ancient Aramaic language spoken by Jesus and his disciples. While = Assyrians may be Christian, Dadesho said, the overwhelming majority are = not=20 Chaldean.=20

Coyle said the plaintiffs = contended that=20 the Census Bureau injured them by confusing them with adherents of the = Chaldean=20 religion. But "these speculative assertions do not suffice to = demonstrate=20 irreparable injury," the judge concluded. If an injunction were = granted as=20 requested, Coyle said, it would force the Census Bureau to change = procedures at=20 a time when it is "also juggling a multitude of other responsibilities = involved=20 in counting every person in the country... "=20

Modesto Bee staff writer Sharokina Shams = contributed to=20 this report.

SURF'S=20 UP!

=93What I=20 have found out from reading your articles and then logging on to some = other=20 Assyrian Web sites is that there are efforts under way, initiated by a = few=20 individuals, to bring recognition to Assyrians. What I don't = understand is=20 why these efforts are not being supported by our leaders. The = bottom line=20 is that these individual efforts might never become credible unless our=20 political and religious leaders take some action.=20

Let's face it, there's nothing = more=20 disturbing than reading an article in Zinda, getting depressed over it, = and then=20 doing nothing about it. I've decided to write to my local = government=20 representatives. I really, really want to see more Assyrians doing = the=20 same. But I'm still confused over why nothing is being done about = the sad=20 news I read about our people in the Mideast.=94=20

Stephanie Backus =
California

SURFERS=20 CORNER

HOLY CONSECRATION TO BE = CELEBRATED IN=20 SAN FRANCISCO

Please join us this Sunday, = October 15th,=20 after Qurbana Qadisha, for a special program celebrating the 24th = anniversary of=20 His Holliness Mar Dinkha IV's consecration as the Patriarch of the = Church of the=20 East. There will be a special brunch prepared by The Daughters of = the=20 Church.=20

We hope to see you=20 there. =

Jackie Yelda =
Motwa of Mar Narsai Parish =
3939 Lawton Street =
San Francisco=20

See below: THIS WEEK IN HISTORY =

ASSYRIAN SURFING=20 POSTS

Latest Issue of Nakosha=20 Magazine
Interview with 2 Assyrian youth who took = part in=20 the Olympic Games

EASTERNERS WE ARE DESPITE = THE SAD=20 TRUTH

"Easterners We Are Despite the Sad = Truth=85Despite the=20 Mockery of Our Fate" was the title of the speech of the president of the = Syriac=20 Universal Alliance, Mr. Habib Afram, given during the opening ceremony = of SUA=20 Convention in Lebanon on July 28, 2000. The speech was written in the = Harmon=20 Magazine on August 6 and then translated by the Beth Suryoyo Assyrian = web=20 group.=20

With the beginning 3rd millennium, we look at the = human being.=20 We attempt to understand the human and we see him, in the time of the = major=20 changes, torn between looking into invading the galaxies, discovering = the DNA=20 maps and the revolution of communications, and between the fighting of = AIDS that=20 is killing a continent, the poverty that is destroying countries, = illiteracy and=20 the ethnic and racial wars. He has not changed since the beginning of = times.=20 Despite all of that, he has witnessed in a single century the fastest = change,=20 the proficient conquests and the biggest wars.=20

Then you look at your own people! How can you, in the = presence=20 of such an amazing change, remain constant? How can you win the = challenge? How=20 can you remain in your lands, homes and countries until death, so that = the winds=20 of emigration do not uproot you and you do not assimilate in the = emigration? So=20 that the spreading, the distance and the world do not abolish your = history,=20 characteristics and civilization?=20

That is the Question!!=20

In this world that is enriched with nationalities, = ethnicities,=20 religions, denominations, beliefs and powers, how do we proceed as a = part of=20 many human civilizations? How do we proceed confirming modestly that we = have=20 contributed to its prosperity and that we still are a beloved color of = the=20 diversity of the world, or even in its strangeness?=20

Easterners we are, here since the beginning of=20 time.=20

Christians we are, since the Word became a Body = [meaning that=20 God became human in the form of Christ]=20

We are a religious, kind, open-minded people and with = Churches=20 that are enriched with faith. We do not monopolize God. We acknowledge=20 Polytheism and we respect and honor all the religions and peoples with = whom we=20 have learned to live. Despite that we have suffered, maybe more than = others,=20 from the oppression of the past, of the Genocides and the Massacres = committed=20 against us.=20

We have also learned that inclusive and just peace = alone is the=20 only hope for people to advance. That no one group should strengthen = itself in=20 the might of power or money, but rather with truth and fairness. The = acceptance=20 of one of the other as he is and acknowledging him is the logical = approach to=20 the domestic and national peace within the frame of the absolute loyalty = to the=20 nation.=20

Freedoms, Human Rights, Human Beings and the Growth = by=20 themselves are the road to the dignity of the individual who is the = objective of=20 every political policy.=20

Easterners we are despite the sad and killer truth; = despite the=20 mockery of our fate.=20

The Syriacs of Stockholm are more than those in=20 Qamishly.=20

The Maronites of Brazil are more than those in Mount=20 Lebanon.=20

The Assyrians of Chicago are more than those in=20 Nineweh.=20

The Chaldeans of Detroit are more than those in = Tel-Keif and=20 Alqosh.=20

We have learned that he who loses his land and = country loses=20 everything. Thus, we call to always remain in the homeland and to = connect to the=20 roots despite how difficult the circumstances become.=20

It is our duty before we blame it on others. It is = our will and=20 decision. It is the responsibility of the regimes, the rulers, all the=20 leaderships, parties and the idealists. Here I am calling from here, = will the=20 loss of the Christians continue? All the Christians in the Middle=20 East?=20

The statistics are frightening!!=20

Although I do believe that we have mission and that=20 Christianity will not die here because it is from the true nature of the = region,=20 it is not an intruder. It doesn't constitute minorities studied in the = cultural=20 institutes. It is not attached to political goals rather it is = deep-rooted,=20 committed and nationalistic. It is here and it contains the historical = existence=20 with Islam.=20

We have learned that our scattering is a blessing and = a fortune=20 if it is correctly exploited for our case, and it is a wrath and a = failure if=20 neglected. Wherever in the world we are, the east is our center of = attraction,=20 and without it we would perish. We want our ideological, social and = educational=20 revival in the world of emigration to motivate our organizations to = protect our=20 rights; in order to enter the world interactively and proving our = ability to=20 keep pace. As well as, to work in order to make it supportive for our = Middle=20 East, helping our sons and daughters living in it and for the revival of = our=20 countries.=20

This is our Syriac Universal Alliance, in the shadows = of the=20 United Nations and its Non-Governmental organizations; and in our strong = relationship and our full cooperation with the Church, the house of = faith, and=20 its leadership; and in our tenaciousness in our rights of existing in = our=20 language, culture, freedoms, openness and our love to all the peoples,=20 especially those with whom we shared food, air and the days; in our = sensing to=20 the pains of our people everywhere in every wound as if it was our own=20 body.=20

Here I am inviting all our people to get out of the = prisons of=20 individualism, division, denominationalism and tribalism. I invite all = to join=20 the spacious horizons of open-mindedness and demolish the walls. = Impossible=20 walls have been brought down, why should we leave some of the rocks as = obstacles=20 in our minds?=20

It is my joy and pride to welcome you here in the = heart of=20 Mount Lebanon; in this model country, which we have given it its name of = "The=20 Heart of God," and in non other than this idealistic, spiritual and=20 nationalistic palace to confirm that the Maronites are the pride of the = Syriacs;=20 in the nation of the free, liberal and social life. The nation, which a = will=20 freed its land and stood in hope despite its internal war, and despite = its falls=20 and some of its setbacks, it has welcomed you all. It has welcomed you = in the=20 rising nation from its own ashes. Welcoming you in the nation that is = always=20 renewing; promising that we render the title of this convention and = meeting of=20 "Lebanon the Heart of the Syriacs" into a scientific = reality.=20

From here, every one of us gives a salute of love to = the=20 President of Lebanon, and its symbol and hope, the Lieutenant General = Emil=20 Lahoud, asking the Lord to give him the long life in order to finish the = journey.=20

The days pass, you write on the face of the Earth = with your=20 blood and struggle whatever you wish; I am two words 'Lebanon' and=20 'Syriacs'.=20

Habib Afram =
President
Syriac Universal Alliance =
July 28, 2000=20

LITERATUS

EPHREM-ISA = YOUSIF=20

Ephrem-Isa = Yousif was born=20 in 1944 in Sanate, an Assyrian-Chaldean village near Zakho in Iraq. He = studied=20 in Mosul-northern Iraq and, then in emigrated to France to complete his=20 education. He obtained two Humanities doctorates in Philosophy and=20 Civilizations. Dr. Yousif then began teaching Philosophy and Arabic = language and=20 literature in University of Toulouse. Currently he writes books = and=20 articles and is the director of the publishing company "l=92Harmattan" in = Paris. Dr.=20 Yousif is a member of the Association of the Writers of French Language=20 (A.D.E.L. F.) and a scientific counselor for the High Council of the = French=20 speaking world.=20

The following is a list of Dr. = Yousif's=20 books and articles:=20

1) Parfums d=92enfance =E0 = Sanate [Fragrances=20 of Childhood] (Editions l=92Harmattan, Paris, 1993)=20

The story take us to the = village of Sanate,=20 in 1950's, lost in the mountains of northern Iraq. It gives us a vision = of the=20 life of the unrecognized Assyro-Chaldeans: the family, the = marriage, the=20 death, the life of women, the specific customs. The narrator, Icho, is a = sensitive, and keenly observant boy. Endowed with a rich memory, he = believes=20 himself to be the heir of a very ancient history and the guardian of the = Aramaic=20 language spoken by Christ. He tells us his joys, his sorrows, his = delights with=20 the nature, and his childhood dreams.=20

2) M=E9sopotamie, paradis des = jours anciens=20 [Mesopotamia, Paradise of Ancient Days] (Editions l=92Harmattan, Paris,=20 1996)=20

The narrator of this story is = Icho from=20 Sanate who has now traveled to the picturesque city of Mosul for his = studies.=20 Icho goes in search of the ancient Assyria. He likes everything = about this=20 civilization, its art, its languages, its religions, its cities of = Assur, Khalu,=20 Dur-Sharrukin, Nineveh. They come to life in his heart. He = then=20 meets the heirs of the people in the Christian villages who speak the = Aramaic=20 language. The young man dreams about a new = Mesopotamia....=20

3) Les philosophes et = traducteurs syriaques=20 [Syriac Philosophers and Translators] (Editions l=92Harmattan, Paris,=20 1997)=20

Dr. Yousif writes about the = odyssey of the=20 Syriac-speaking philosophers and translators who between the 2nd and = 14th=20 Centuries A.D. searched for the knowledge and philosophy of Greeks, = mainly that=20 of Aristotle. These Syriac philosophers, Yousif contends, = were the=20 heirs of the Assyrians, Babylonians, Arameans. They translated and = then=20 taught Greek philosophies that was earlier thought of and provoked in=20 Mesopotamia. A remarkable phenomenon, was the their role in the=20 transmission of this body of knowledge into the Arabic world. The = Arabs=20 crossed this patrimony onto the West.=20

4) L=92Epop=E9e du Tigre et de = l=92Euphrate [The=20 Epic of Tigris and Euphrates] (Editions l=92Harmattan, Paris,=20 1999)=20

The author leads us to the = discovery of=20 Mesopotamia and its civilizations which bequeathed us an inestimable = patrimony=20 and upset the fate of humanity. He puts us in touch with the = Sumerians,=20 the great creators, who cast a new glance over the universe. The = Sumerians=20 invented the first cities and established States. Through their = invention of=20 writing, they admitted the Man to the History. Then the Akkadians = took=20 over. Babylonians and Assyrians continued to engrave the = face of=20 Mesopotamia. They developed astronomy, astrology, mathematics, and law. = The=20 inheritance of this land does not limit itself only to ruins or to = objects in=20 the shop windows of museums. It awakens our sensibility, our = imagination.=20 It allows us better to know our history.=20

These books can be purchased on the Web: = Click Here =

BRAVO

<= /TABLE>

JOASH E. PAUL =

Story by Bob White for Modesto Bee; September=20 1=20

(ZNDA: Turlock) = Former=20 Stanislaus County Supervisor Joash E. Paul, a prominent member of the = Assyrian=20 community, died Wednesday at Emanuel Medical Center. He was=20 80.=20

Paul, a native of Turlock, was = elected to=20 the county post in 1968 and retired from the Board of Supervisors in = 1980.=20 During his tenure, he served three one-year terms as chairman, in 1970, = 1974 and=20 1979.=20

Rep. Gary Condit, D-Ceres, = served on the=20 county board with Paul. Thursday, Condit described him as "a tremendous = leader=20 for the Assyrian community and for the Central Valley. He was a good man = who=20 dedicated his life to his family, his community and our area. He was a = friend.=20 He will be sorely missed."=20

Paul was noted for his = outspoken manner on=20 the board. He was highly critical of the closing of Modesto State = Hospital in=20 1970, describing it as a "shocker" because it forced county government = into=20 mental health care.=20

Paul was a rancher for 50 years = and=20 lamented zoning laws that established minimum parcel sizes for = agricultural=20 land. He said the Board of Supervisors had created a monster that made = it=20 impossible for novices to enter farming.=20

After retiring from the board, = Paul served=20 as president of the fund-raising foundation for the county-owned Scenic = General=20 Hospital in Modesto. He served on the hospital's board and fought = successfully=20 to keep it open when some board members favored closing = it.=20

Later the hospital would become = Stanislaus=20 Medical Center, but it eventually ceased being a hospital. County = clinics now=20 occupy the building.=20

Besides ranching, Paul worked = in real=20 estate and for 25 years he helped operate his family's business: Paul's = Motel=20 and Pixie Pancake House, along what was then Highway 99 through Turlock. = He sold=20 the motel and restaurant in the mid-1970s, because by then the Turlock = Bypass=20 had been built, taking away traffic and business.=20

Joash Ephraim Paul was a = lifelong resident=20 of Turlock, born Sept. 23, 1919.=20

Paul was active in many = community=20 organizations, including the Assyrian-American Civic Club. He was club = president=20 during its formative years.=20

He was a member of Sacred Heart = Catholic=20 Church, as well as UPEC 75 and IDES 68.=20

And he was a member of many = agricultural=20 organizations.=20

He is survived by his wife, = Julie D. Paul=20 of Turlock; children, David J. Paul and Bernadette Paul, both of = Turlock, Joan=20 Eshoo of Modesto, Dean S. Paul of San Francisco, Therese Paul of Costa = Mesa and=20 Joyce Greer of Austin, Texas; brother, Philip Paul of Laguna Niguel; = sisters,=20 Sara Thomas of Riverbank and Victoria Paul of San Francisco; and four=20 grandchildren.
=20

MILESTONES

PUMP UP THE=20 VOLUME

ENGLISH	MODERN=20 ASSYRIAN	GENDER
Window	bah/ra/nee/ta	Feminine
Door	tar/aa	Masculine

BACK TO THE=20 FUTURE

BC (ca 1340)=20

Babylonian king, Burna-Buriash, disappointed at the = Canaanite=20 chiefs=92 plundering of his caravans, writes to Akhnaton of Egypt and = holds him=20 responsible: =93Canaan is thy land and its kings are thy = servants.=94 He=20 demanded that the killers be slain. Egypt did nothing.=20

A History of Babylon,=20 King=20

Living in Chicago? Be sure to visit The = Art=20 Institute of Chicago's special exhibition: Pharaohs of the Sun: = Akhenaton,=20 Nefertiti, Tutankhamen on display until September 24. For more = information=20 click=20 here.

AD (1500)=20

Christians played an important role in the growth of = trade with=20 Europe in the Ottoman Empire. The Greeks that lived in Istanbul = controlled=20 much of the trade with the Black Sea, in grain and fur. Armenians = played=20 an important role in the silk trade with Iran. Assyrians (Syriac=20 Christians) acted as intermediaries wherever European merchants lived in = the=20 Middle East.=20

A History of the Arab = Peoples,=20 Hourani

THIS WEEK IN=20 = HISTORY

October 17, 1976=20 : Mar Dinkha IV is consecrated as the Patriarch of the = Church of the=20 East, in
London, = England.
=20

CALENDAR OF=20 EVENTS

Oct = 13

SAN = JOSE=20
A CONCERT OF = SPIRITUAL=20 SONGS

Presented by the Bet-Eil Assyrian Church =
8:00 p.m.
Bethel Church of = San=20 Jose
1201 S. Winchester Blvd. =
Donation: $5.00=20

All proceeds will be used to provide for the = needy=20 Assyrians around the world.
Bet-Eil church contact = info:=20
Telephone: (408) 264-7057
E-mail: BetEil@earthlink.net =
Web=20 address: www.jps.net/beteilchurch/
Mailing Address: P.O. Box = 54184 San=20 Jose, CA 95154

Oct = 27-31

CHICAGO=20
ASSYRIANS 2600 YEARS = AFTER THE=20 EMPIRE

3RD Annual Meeting of the = Assyrian=20 & Babylonian Intellectual Heritage
Radisson Chicago =
Contact: Dr. Norman Solhkhah = at=20 847-699-9000
Click = Here

Jul = 2-6=20
= 2001

FINLAND=20
XLVIIe RENCONTRE ASSYRIOLOGIQUE=20 INTERNATIONALE

International Congress of Assyriology and Near = Eastern=20 Archaeology
"Sex and Gender in = the Ancient=20 Near East"
University of = Helsinki=20

Registration Form: click=20 here

Thank=20 You!

Linda Michaels (California)

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